نکولس کوپرنیکس
آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے
| نکولس کوپرنیکس : Nicolaus Copernicus | |
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 Portrait, 1580, Toruń Old Town City Hall
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| پیدائش | 19 فروری 1473, Toruń (Thorn), Royal Prussia, Kingdom of Poland |
| وفات | 24 مئی 1543 (عمر 70 سال), Frombork (Frauenburg), Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, Kingdom of Poland |
| میدان | ریاضیات, canon law, طب فلکیات, معاشیات |
| مادر علمی | Kraków University, Bologna University, University of Padua, University of Ferrara |
| وجہِ معروفیت | Heliocentrism |
| مذہبی وابستگی | رومن کیتھولک |
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نکولس کوپرنیکس : Nicolaus Copernicus (سانچہ:Lang-pl; جرمن: Nikolaus Kopernikus; in his youth, Niclas Koppernigk;[1] اطالوی: Nicolò Copernico; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance astronomer and the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology, which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.
نوٹس [ترمیم]
- ^ Nicolaus Copernicus Gesamtausgabe: Urkunden, Akten und Nachrichten: Texte und Übersetzungen, ISBN 3-05-003009-7, pp.23ff. (online); Marian Biskup: Regesta Copernicana (calendar of Copernicus' Papers), Ossolineum, 1973, p.32 (online). This spelling of the surname is rendered in many publications (Auflistung) [1]
حوالہ جات [ترمیم]
- Armitage, Angus (1951). The World of Copernicus. New York, NY: Mentor Books. ISBN 0-8464-0979-8.
- Barbara Bieńkowska (1973). The Scientific World of Copernicus: On the Occasion of the 500th Anniversary of His Birth, 1473–1973. Springer. ISBN 9027703531.
- Coyne, George V., S.J. (2005). The Church's Most Recent Attempt to Dispel the Galileo Myth. In McMullin (2005, pp.340–59).
- Davies, Norman, God's Playground: A History of Poland, 2 vols., New York, Columbia University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-231-04327-9.
- DeMarco, Peter (2004-04-13). "Book quest took him around the globe". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2004/04/13/book_quest_took_him_around_the_globe/. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
- Dobrzycki, Jerzy, and Leszek Hajdukiewicz, "Kopernik, Mikołaj," Polski słownik biograficzny (Polish Biographical Dictionary), vol. XIV, Wrocław, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1969, pp. 3–16.
- Dreyer, John Louis Emil (1953) [1905]. A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler. New York, NY: Dover Publications. http://www.archive.org/details/historyofplaneta00dreyuoft.
- Fantoli, Annibale (2005). The Disputed Injunction and its Role in Galileo's Trial. In McMullin (2005, pp.117–49).
