Indus water treaty
دبیز متن Indus Waters and the 1960 Treaty between India and Pakistan Introduction The internationally shared river Indus and its five main tributaries rise in the Himalaya, carry a very large Flow seasonally and have served as a cradle for one of the ancient civilization of the world. The river basin supports the largest irrigated agricultural area and can be viewed as the birth-place of the art and Science of irrigation. The chapter, while tracing the history of irrigation in the Indus, also lists the politically profound changes that engulfed this region and shaped the destiny of one of the most densely Populated and agriculturally productive regions in the world. India particular, the chapter focuses the reader s’ attention the tumultuous developments of the past 60 years, the conflicts around the Indus waters intricately woven with the political conflicts, partition of India, the much acclaimed Indus waters treaty 1960 between the successor countries, and how the Treaty has been worked thus far. It tries to capture the present-day events and project the author’s perceptions for future Ancient agriculture-based Civilizations Historians and archaeologists believe that about 10,000 years ago mankind started moving away from ‘hunting-gathering’ to tilling the land and domesticating cattle ,for meeting its food and fodder needs. the population of the world at that time possibly
[edit] Design Controversy and Verdict
After construction began in 1999, Pakistan claimed that design parameters of Baglihar project violated the Indus Water Treaty (full text) of 1960. The Indus Water Treaty provided India with exclusive control over three eastern rivers while granting Pakistan exclusive control to three western rivers, including Chenab River. However it contained provisions for India to establish river-run power projects with limited reservoir capacity and flow control needed for feasible power generation. Availing this provision India established several run-of-the-river projects, with Pakistan objecting to these. Also in the case of the Baglihar and Kishan-Ganga projects, Pakistan claimed that some design parameters were too lax than were needed for feasible power generation and provided India with excessive ability to accelerate, decelerate or block flow of the river, thus giving India a strategic leverage in times of political tension or war. khairmuhammad.tareen@gmal.com
