جنگ ملازکرد

جنگ ملازگرد
عمومی معلومات
ملک	ترکیہ
مقام	مالازگیرت ; 39°08′41″N 42°32′21″E / 39.144722222222°N 42.539166666667°E
متحارب گروہ
بازنطینی سلطنت	فائل:Buyuk selcuklu devleti.gif سلجوقی سلطنت
قائد
رومانوس چہارم	الپ ارسلان
قوت
~85 ہزار	~15 ہزار
نقصانات
20 ہزار	نامعلوم
	درستی - ترمیم

Battle of Manzikert
	سلسلہ the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
	; 15th-century French miniature depicting the combatants in contemporary Western European armour
تاریخ	26 August 1071
مقام	Near Manzikert, Iberia/Byzantine Armenia; (present-day ملازگرد, Turkey); 39°08′41″N 42°32′21″E / 39.14472°N 42.53917°E
نتیجہ	Seljuk victory
سرحدی; تبدیلیاں	Beginning of Turkic rule and settlement in Anatolia
مُحارِب
بازنطینی سلطنت Regulars and provincial troops; Feudal levies of frontier land owners.; Latin, Georgian, Armenian, Bulgarian, Turkic mercenaries;	سلجوقی سلطنت Turkic mercenaries;
کمان دار اور رہنما
رومانوس چہارم دیوگینیس (جنگی قیدی); Nikephoros Bryennios; Theodore Alyates; Andronikos Doukas;	الپ ارسلان;
طاقت
سانچہ:Est. 40,000 (Close to half deserted before battle. Turkic mercenaries defected to the Seljuk side.);	35,000–50,000
ہلاکتیں اور نقصانات
2,000–8,000 killed; 4,000 captured; 20,000 deserted;	Unknown

جنگ ملازگرد یا جنگ ملازکرد 26 اگست 1071ء (464ھ) کو سلجوقی اور بازنطینی سلطنت کے درمیان مشرقی اناطولیہ میں لڑی گئی جس میں سلجوقیوں کی قیادت الپ ارسلان اور بازنطینیوں کی قیادت رومانوس چہارم نے کی۔ جنگ سے قبل سلطان الپ ارسلان نے بازنطینی لشکر کی پیش قدمی روکنے کے لیے معاہدے کی پیشکش کی لیکن رومانوس سے اسے ٹھکرادیا جس کے نتیجے میں موجودہ ترکی میں واقع جھیل وان کے شمال مغرب میں ملازکرد کے مقام پر دونوں افواج کا ٹکراؤ ہوا۔ الپ ارسلان نے رومیوں کے خلاف شاندار فتح حاصل کی اور سلجوقی سلطنت کی حدیں اناطولیہ میں مزید آگے تک بڑھ گئیں۔

یہ جنگ بازنطینی سلطنت کے زوال کا باعث بنی اور اسی جنگ کو صلیبی جنگوں کا باعث سمجھا جاتا ہے۔ جنگ ملازکرد کے نتیجے میں اناطولیہ ہمیشہ کے لیے عیسائیوں کے قبضے سے نکل گیا۔

مزید دیکھیے

↑ Nesbitt, John and Eric McGeer. Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art. 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: N.p., 2001. Print.
↑ Church, Kenneth. From Dynastic Principality to Imperial District. 1st ed. 2001. Print.
↑ J. R. Tanner؛ C. W. Previté-Orton؛ Z. N. Brooke (1929)۔ "The early Crusades"۔ {{subst:PAGENAME}} Cambridge Medieval History۔ Cambridge University Press۔ ج 6۔ ص 791۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2025-01-23۔ In 1071, five years after Hastings, the Byzantine army, the oldest and best trained military force in Europe, was destroyed in battle with the Seljuk Turks at Manzikert in اناطولیہ.
↑ Runciman 1951, pp. 62–63، "With this large but untrustworthy army, Romanus set out in the spring of 1071 to reconquer Armenia. As he was leaving the capital the news came through from Italy that Bary, the last Byzantine possession in the peninsula, had fallen to the Normans. The chroniclers tell in tragic detail of the Emperor's march eastward along the great Byzantine military road. His intention was to capture and garrison the Armenian fortresses before the Turkish army should come up from the south. Alp Arslan was in Syria, near Aleppo, when he heard of the Byzantine advance. He realized how vital was the challenge; and he hurried northward to meet the Emperor. Romanus entered Armenia along the southern branch of the upper Euphrates. Near Manzikert he divided his forces."
^ ^ا ^ب ^پ Haldon 2001, p. 180
^ ^ا ^ب Markham 2013
↑ Sevım 2003, p. 481; Hillenbrand 2007, p. 213.
↑ Haldon 2001, p. 173

[2] Nesbitt, John and Eric McGeer. Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art. 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: N.p., 2001. Print.

[3] Church, Kenneth. From Dynastic Principality to Imperial District. 1st ed. 2001. Print.

[4] J. R. Tanner؛ C. W. Previté-Orton؛ Z. N. Brooke (1929)۔ "The early Crusades"۔ {{subst:PAGENAME}} Cambridge Medieval History۔ Cambridge University Press۔ ج 6۔ ص 791۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2025-01-23۔ In 1071, five years after Hastings, the Byzantine army, the oldest and best trained military force in Europe, was destroyed in battle with the Seljuk Turks at Manzikert in اناطولیہ.

[FOOTNOTERunciman195162–63"With_this_large_but_untrustworthy_army,_Romanus_set_out_in_the_spring_of_1071_to_reconquer_Armenia._As_he_was_leaving_the_capital_the_news_came_through_from_Italy_that_Bary,_the_last_Byzantine_possession_in_the_peninsula,_had_fallen_to_the_Normans._The_chroniclers_tell_in_tragic_detail_of_the_Emperor's_march_eastward_along_the_great_Byzantine_military_road._His_intention_was_to_capture_and_garrison_the_Armenian_fortresses_before_the_Turkish_army_should_come_up_from_the_south._Alp_Arslan_was_in_Syria,_near_Aleppo,_when_he_heard_of_the_Byzantine_advance._He_realized_how_vital_was_the_challenge;_and_he_hurried_northward_to_meet_the_Emperor._Romanus_entered_Armenia_along_the_southern_branch_of_the_upper_Euphrates._Near_Manzikert_he_divided_his_forces."-5] Runciman 1951, pp. 62–63، "With this large but untrustworthy army, Romanus set out in the spring of 1071 to reconquer Armenia. As he was leaving the capital the news came through from Italy that Bary, the last Byzantine possession in the peninsula, had fallen to the Normans. The chroniclers tell in tragic detail of the Emperor's march eastward along the great Byzantine military road. His intention was to capture and garrison the Armenian fortresses before the Turkish army should come up from the south. Alp Arslan was in Syria, near Aleppo, when he heard of the Byzantine advance. He realized how vital was the challenge; and he hurried northward to meet the Emperor. Romanus entered Armenia along the southern branch of the upper Euphrates. Near Manzikert he divided his forces."

[FOOTNOTEHaldon2001180-6] ا ^ب ^پ Haldon 2001, p. 180

[FOOTNOTEMarkham2013-7] ا ^ب Markham 2013

[FOOTNOTESevım2003481Hillenbrand2007213-8] Sevım 2003, p. 481; Hillenbrand 2007, p. 213.

[FOOTNOTEHaldon2001173-9] Haldon 2001, p. 173

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