English: Newspapers, magazines and journals usually contain works by many different authors

(creators). These works include news reports, opinions, letters to the editor, cartoons and photographs. The period of copyright protection is, in most cases, measured from the death of the author, even if the author did not own copyright. Each work may therefore have a different period of copyright protection. If the work was first published anonymously and the identity of the author cannot be ascertained on reasonable inquiry, then the period of copyright protection is measured from the year of publication (rather than the year of the author's death). Copyright in a newspaper has expired if: • the newspaper was published before 1955, AND • every author (other than a photographer) whose identity can be ascertained died before

1955.