^ ابپتٹ[c]~[k](ترکی / آذری) / [k]~[q] (ترکمان), [ɟ]~[ɡ](Turkish) / [ɡ]~[ʁ] (ترکمان), [l]~[ɫ] only contrast in loan words before <â, û> vs. <a, u>; in native words, [c/k, ɟ/ɡ, l] occur before the front vowels (/e/, /i/, /ø/, /y/), while [k/q, ɡ, ɫ] occur before the back vowels (/a/, /o/, /u/, /ɯ/).
^ ابپIn Turkish, between unrounded front vowels (/e/, /i/), ğ is similar to English y. Between unrounded back vowels (/a/, /ɯ/), it is silent. Between rounded vowels (/o/, /ø/, /u/, /y/) it is either silent or may have a very light [β] sound. Word-finally or before a consonant, it lengthens the preceding vowel.,
↑ In Turkmen, [h] occurs before front vowels (/e/, /i/, /ø/, /y/) while [x] occurs before back vowels (/a/, /o/, /u/, /ɯ/).
^ ابIn many eastern Turkish/Azeri dialects, [c] at the end of a word or before a voiceless consonant may become [ç] as in huge.
^ اب/v/ may be [w] after a vowel or in some loanwords.
↑In Turkish proper, proper nouns are typically stressed on the 2nd or 3rd last syllable, and other words (excepting certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses) are stressed on the last syllable. Note that in Wikipedia articles, the stress is often wrongly assigned to the final syllable even in proper nouns.
