"امارت اسلامی افغانستان" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

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م خودکار:تبدیلی ربط V3.4
سطر 7: سطر 7:
| capital = [[کابل]]<ref name="ETH">{{cite web|url=https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/USIP-pw126_kabul-and-the-challenge-of-dwindling-foreign-aid.pdf|website=ETH Zürich|title=Kabul and the Challenge of Dwindling Foreign Aid|first=Fabrizio|last=Foschini|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609180040/https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/USIP-pw126_kabul-and-the-challenge-of-dwindling-foreign-aid.pdf|archive-date=9 June 2020|quote=Afghanistan’s capital city of Kabul [...] After 2001, Kabul quickly assumed the role and size of a primate city, one that has more than double the population and influence of the same country’s second-largest city. Herat, Mazar-e Sharif, and Kandahar do not even come close to half Kabul’s population.}}</ref>|
| capital = [[کابل]]<ref name="ETH">{{cite web|url=https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/USIP-pw126_kabul-and-the-challenge-of-dwindling-foreign-aid.pdf|website=ETH Zürich|title=Kabul and the Challenge of Dwindling Foreign Aid|first=Fabrizio|last=Foschini|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609180040/https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/USIP-pw126_kabul-and-the-challenge-of-dwindling-foreign-aid.pdf|archive-date=9 June 2020|quote=Afghanistan’s capital city of Kabul [...] After 2001, Kabul quickly assumed the role and size of a primate city, one that has more than double the population and influence of the same country’s second-largest city. Herat, Mazar-e Sharif, and Kandahar do not even come close to half Kabul’s population.}}</ref>|
| largest_city = capital
| largest_city = capital
| national_anthem = {{lang|ps|دا د باتورانو کور}}<br>{{transl|ps|Dā də bātorāno kor}}<br /><!--{{transl|}}<br />-->{{center|"[[This is the Home of the Brave]]"<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|title=BBCNazer.com {{!}} زندگى و آموزش {{!}} حرف های مردم: سرود ملی|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nazer/lifeandlearning_dari/story/2007/08/070830_ws-aep-pt-national-anthem.shtml|access-date=2021-08-18|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="Amirzai">{{Cite web|last= Amirzai |first= Shafiq l|title=د ملي سرود تاریخ {{!}} روهي|url=https://rohi.af/news/35829|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Rohi.Af|language=ps}}</ref><ref name="nunn.asia">{{Cite web|date=2018-01-16|title=ملا فقیر محمد درویش د جهادي ترنم منل شوی سرخیل|url=https://www.nunn.asia/113730/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%84-%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=نن ټکی اسیا|language=ps}}</ref><ref name="Tharoor">{{Cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Ishaan|date=2013-06-19|title=The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?|language=en-US|work=Time|url=https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/|access-date=2021-08-19|issn=0040-781X}}</ref>}} {{centre|[[File:DaBatoranoKor.ogg]]}}
| national_anthem = {{lang|ps|دا د باتورانو کور}}<br>{{transl|ps|Dā də bātorāno kor}}<br /><!--{{transl|}}<br />-->{{center|"[[یہ جانبازوں کا مسکن ہے]]"<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|title=BBCNazer.com {{!}} زندگى و آموزش {{!}} حرف های مردم: سرود ملی|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nazer/lifeandlearning_dari/story/2007/08/070830_ws-aep-pt-national-anthem.shtml|access-date=2021-08-18|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="Amirzai">{{Cite web|last= Amirzai |first= Shafiq l|title=د ملي سرود تاریخ {{!}} روهي|url=https://rohi.af/news/35829|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Rohi.Af|language=ps}}</ref><ref name="nunn.asia">{{Cite web|date=2018-01-16|title=ملا فقیر محمد درویش د جهادي ترنم منل شوی سرخیل|url=https://www.nunn.asia/113730/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%84-%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=نن ټکی اسیا|language=ps}}</ref><ref name="Tharoor">{{Cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Ishaan|date=2013-06-19|title=The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?|language=en-US|work=Time|url=https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/|access-date=2021-08-19|issn=0040-781X}}</ref>}} {{centre|[[File:DaBatoranoKor.ogg]]}}
| official_languages = [[Pashto]]
| official_languages = [[پشتو زبان]]
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
|42% [[پشتون]]
|42% [[پشتون]]
سطر 20: سطر 20:
}}
}}
| religion = {{unbulleted list
| religion = {{unbulleted list
| 99.7% [[Islam in Afghanistan|Islam]] ([[State religion|official]])
| 99.7% [[افغانستان میں اسلام]] ([[State religion|official]])
| {{0|0}}0.3% [[Demographics of Afghanistan#Religion|others]]
| {{0|0}}0.3% [[Demographics of Afghanistan#Religion|others]]
}}
}}
| demonym = [[افغان]]
| demonym = [[افغان]]
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Deobandi]] [[Islamic state|Islamic]] [[emirate]] under a [[caretaker government]]
| government_type = [[وحدانی ریاست]] [[دیوبندی مکتب فکر]] [[حکومت الہیہ]] [[امارت]] under a [[caretaker government]]
| leader_title1 = [[Head of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan |Emir]]{{efn|name=Emir|The official title is [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] (in English: Commander of the Faithful). The position is often referred to in English as simply "[[امیر]]".}}
| leader_title1 = [[Head of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan |Emir]]{{efn|name=Emir|The official title is [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] (in English: Commander of the Faithful). The position is often referred to in English as simply "[[امیر]]".}}
| leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[ھبت الله اخوندزادہ]]}}
| leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[ھبت الله اخوندزادہ]]}}
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Afghanistan|Prime Minister]]
| leader_title2 = [[وزیراعظم افغانستان]]
| leader_name2 = [[محمد حسن اخوند]] ([[Acting (law)|acting]])
| leader_name2 = [[محمد حسن اخوند]] ([[Acting (law)|acting]])
| leader_title3 = [[Deputy prime minister|First Deputy Prime Minister]]
| leader_title3 = [[Deputy prime minister|First Deputy Prime Minister]]
سطر 33: سطر 33:
| leader_title5 = [[Deputy prime minister|Second Deputy Prime Minister]]
| leader_title5 = [[Deputy prime minister|Second Deputy Prime Minister]]
| leader_name5 = [[عبدالسلام حنفی]] ([[Acting (law)|acting]])
| leader_name5 = [[عبدالسلام حنفی]] ([[Acting (law)|acting]])
| legislature = [[TBA]] (as of 2021)
| legislature = [[اعلان ہونا باقی]] (as of 2021)
| area_km2 = 652,864
| area_km2 = 652,864
| area_rank = 40th
| area_rank = 40th
سطر 43: سطر 43:
| population_density_sq_mi = 119
| population_density_sq_mi = 119
| population_density_rank = 174th
| population_density_rank = 174th
| currency = [[Afghan afghani|Afghani]] (افغانی)
| currency = [[افغان افغانی]] (افغانی)
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Afghanistan|+93]]
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Afghanistan|+93]]
| image_flag = Flag of Taliban.svg <!--Do not change to 'Flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021-present).jpg' or variants without prior consensus-->
| image_flag = Flag of Taliban.svg <!--Do not change to 'Flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021-present).jpg' or variants without prior consensus-->
| image_coat = Taliban CoA.svg
| image_coat = Taliban CoA.svg
| event_pre = [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Recapture of Kabul]]
| event_pre = [[سقوط کابل 2021ء]]
| date_pre = 15 August 2021
| date_pre = 15 August 2021
| date_start = 19 August 2021
| date_start = 19 August 2021
سطر 64: سطر 64:
| currency_code = AFN
| currency_code = AFN
| time_zone = D†
| time_zone = D†
| utc_offset = +4:30<br />[[Solar Hijri calendar|Solar Calendar]]
| utc_offset = +4:30<br />[[شمسی ہجری تقویم]]
| drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Afghanistan|right]]
| drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Afghanistan|right]]
| cctld = [[.af]] [[افغانستان.]]
| cctld = [[Af.]] [[افغانستان.]]
| pyear =
| pyear =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_title4 =
سطر 75: سطر 75:
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=August 2021}}


The '''Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan'''{{efn|{{lang-ps|د افغانستان اسلامي امارت|Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat}}}}<ref>{{cite web|author = Directorate of Intelligence|title = CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan| format= mirror|year= 2001|url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|access-date = 7 March 2008|quote = note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}</ref> is an [[list of states with limited recognition|unrecognized]] [[Emirate|Islamic emirate]] that was first established in September 1996 by the [[Taliban]], a [[Deobandi]] Islamist organization that began its governance of [[Afghanistan]] after the [[Battle of Kabul (1992–1996)|1996 fall of Kabul]]. In 2001, it was toppled by a [[Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom|United States-led military coalition]] that [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|invaded the country]] after the [[September 11 attacks]], sparking the 20-year [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|war in Afghanistan]]. The Taliban returned to power after the departure of most [[NATO]] forces and the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|August 2021 fall of Kabul]], and has since had ''[[de facto]]'' control over most of the country.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-26|title=Taliban declares ‘war is over in Afghanistan’ as foreign powers exit Kabul|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/16/taliban-declares-war-is-over-in-afghanistan-as-us-led-forces-exit-kabul|date=2021-08-16|website=the Guardian}}</ref>
The '''Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan'''{{efn|{{lang-ps|د افغانستان اسلامي امارت|Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat}}}}<ref>{{cite web|author = Directorate of Intelligence|title = CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan| format= mirror|year= 2001|url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|access-date = 7 March 2008|quote = note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}</ref> is an [[محدود تسلیم شدہ ریاستوں کی فہرست]] [[امارت]] that was first established in September 1996 by the [[تحریک اسلامی طالبان]], a [[دیوبندی مکتب فکر]] Islamist organization that began its governance of [[افغانستان]] after the [[Battle of Kabul (1992–1996)|1996 fall of Kabul]]. In 2001, it was toppled by a [[Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom|United States-led military coalition]] that [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|invaded the country]] after the [[سانحہ 11 ستمبر 2001ء]], sparking the 20-year [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|war in Afghanistan]]. The Taliban returned to power after the departure of most [[تنظیم معاہدہ شمالی اوقیانوس]] forces and the [[سقوط کابل 2021ء]], and has since had ''[[درحقیقت]]'' control over most of the country.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-26|title=Taliban declares ‘war is over in Afghanistan’ as foreign powers exit Kabul|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/16/taliban-declares-war-is-over-in-afghanistan-as-us-led-forces-exit-kabul|date=2021-08-16|website=the Guardian}}</ref>


The 1996–2001 Taliban government was recognized only by [[Pakistan]], [[Saudi Arabia]], and the [[United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates.]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Guelke|first1=Adrian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diJSFBiOMjUC&pg=PA55|title=Terrorism and Global Disorder – Adrian Guelke – Google Libros|date=25 August 2006|isbn=9781850438038|access-date=15 August 2012}}</ref> It was a [[theocracy]] ruled by a Deobandi interpretation of [[Sharia|Islamic religious law (''Sharia'')]] in accordance with the [[Hanafi|Hanafi school]] of [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] and the religious edicts of the group's founding leader, [[Mohammed Omar]]. It opposed [[liberal democracy]], [[secularism]], and the [[Western world]], particularly the [[United States]] and [[Israel]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nagamine|first=Yoshinobu|title=The Legitimization Strategy of the Taliban's Code of Conduct: Through the One-Way Mirror|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2016|isbn=9781137530882|pages=19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jeffrey|first1=Craig|title=Keywords for Modern India|last2=Harriss|first2=John|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=9780191643927|pages=77}}</ref><ref name="Matinuddin" /> Several cultural and recreational activities were banned as [[Haram|''haram'']]. Women and girls were [[Treatment of women by the Taliban#Education|forbidden to attend schools and universities]] and [[Treatment of women by the Taliban#Employment|largely banned from working]]; they were also required to observe the practice of ''[[purdah]]'' and to be accompanied by ''[[mahram]]'' male relatives outside of their households. [[Flagellation|Whippings]] or [[Capital punishment|execution]] were punishments for infractions. The five [[Salah|Islamic daily prayers (''salah'')]] were enforced for all [[Muslims]]. [[Christians]], [[Shia Islam|Shia Muslims]], [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], [[Sikhs]], [[Hindus]] and other non-[[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslim]] minorities faced widespread [[religious discrimination]] and [[cultural genocide]] and other persecution. The Taliban also destroyed numerous monuments and historical artifacts, such as the 1,500-year-old [[Buddhas of Bamiyan]].
The 1996–2001 Taliban government was recognized only by [[پاکستان]], [[سعودی عرب]], and the [[متحدہ عرب امارات]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Guelke|first1=Adrian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diJSFBiOMjUC&pg=PA55|title=Terrorism and Global Disorder – Adrian Guelke – Google Libros|date=25 August 2006|isbn=9781850438038|access-date=15 August 2012}}</ref> It was a [[مذہبی آمریت]] ruled by a Deobandi interpretation of [[شریعت]] in accordance with the [[حنفی]] of [[فقہ]] and the religious edicts of the group's founding leader, [[ملا عمر]]. It opposed [[liberal democracy]], [[سیکولرازم]], and the [[Western world]], particularly the [[ریاست ہائے متحدہ]] and [[اسرائیل]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nagamine|first=Yoshinobu|title=The Legitimization Strategy of the Taliban's Code of Conduct: Through the One-Way Mirror|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2016|isbn=9781137530882|pages=19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jeffrey|first1=Craig|title=Keywords for Modern India|last2=Harriss|first2=John|publisher=[[اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس]]|year=2014|isbn=9780191643927|pages=77}}</ref><ref name="Matinuddin" /> Several cultural and recreational activities were banned as [[حرام (اصطلاح)]]. Women and girls were [[Treatment of women by the Taliban#Education|forbidden to attend schools and universities]] and [[Treatment of women by the Taliban#Employment|largely banned from working]]; they were also required to observe the practice of ''[[purdah]]'' and to be accompanied by ''[[محرم (رشتہ)|محرم]]'' male relatives outside of their households. [[Flagellation|Whippings]] or [[سزائے موت]] were punishments for infractions. The five [[نماز]] were enforced for all [[مسلمان]]. [[مسیحی]], [[اہل تشیع]], [[بدھ مت]], [[سکھ]], [[ہندو]] and other non-[[اہل سنت]] minorities faced widespread [[مذہبی امتیاز]] and [[cultural genocide]] and other persecution. The Taliban also destroyed numerous monuments and historical artifacts, such as the 1,500-year-old [[بامیان کے بدھ]].


The 2001 United States-led invasion of Afghanistan occurred after the Taliban refused to comply with the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush administration]]'s ultimatum that the group extradite al-Qaeda leader [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 September 2001|title=Taliban rejects Bush ultimatum|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/taliban-rejects-bush-ultimatum-1.425373|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-22|website=gulfnews.com|language=en}}</ref> The [[Battle of Tora Bora]] on {{Date|Dec 17, 2001|dmy}} marked the effective overthrow of the Islamic Emirate by the [[Northern Alliance]], which had been greatly bolstered by the [[International Security Assistance Force|International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)]] established after the American invasion two months prior; this led to the Taliban's withdrawal from much of the country and the eventual formation of the [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]]. Nonetheless, the Taliban continued to refer to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Nordland|first1=Rod|last2=Rubin|first2=Alissa J.|date=24 June 2013|title=Taliban Flag Is Gone in Qatar, but Talks Remain in Doubt|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/24/world/middleeast/taliban-flag-is-gone-in-qatar-but-talks-remain-in-doubt.html|access-date=2 July 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
The 2001 United States-led invasion of Afghanistan occurred after the Taliban refused to comply with the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush administration]]'s ultimatum that the group extradite al-Qaeda leader [[اسامہ بن لادن]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 September 2001|title=Taliban rejects Bush ultimatum|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/taliban-rejects-bush-ultimatum-1.425373|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-22|website=gulfnews.com|language=en}}</ref> The [[تورا بورا کی لڑائی]] on {{Date|Dec 17, 2001|dmy}} marked the effective overthrow of the Islamic Emirate by the [[شمالی اتحاد (افغانستان)|شمالی اتحاد]], which had been greatly bolstered by the [[International Security Assistance Force|International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)]] established after the American invasion two months prior; this led to the Taliban's withdrawal from much of the country and the eventual formation of the [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]]. Nonetheless, the Taliban continued to refer to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Nordland|first1=Rod|last2=Rubin|first2=Alissa J.|date=24 June 2013|title=Taliban Flag Is Gone in Qatar, but Talks Remain in Doubt|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/24/world/middleeast/taliban-flag-is-gone-in-qatar-but-talks-remain-in-doubt.html|access-date=2 July 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


During the [[Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)|2021 withdrawal of American and NATO troops]], the Taliban launched [[2021 Taliban offensive|a military offensive]] in May 2021, and rapidly took control of Afghanistan in three and a half months. The [[Afghan Armed Forces]] disintegrated, and the Islamic Republic collapsed on {{Date|Aug 15, 2021|dmy}}, when Taliban forces seized the capital and largest city of [[Kabul]]. This collapse was widely interpreted to be indicative of broader trends globally; including the rising influence and power of Islamism in Muslim regions, the [[Democratic backsliding|growing draw of illiberal models of governance]], and perceived [[American decline]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Hudson|first1=John|last2=Ryan|first2=Missy|date=August 17, 2021|title=Withdrawal from Afghanistan forces allies and adversaries to reconsider America's global role|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/withdrawal-from-afghanistan-forces-allies-and-adversaries-to-reconsider-americas-global-role/2021/08/17/2808ddbc-ff84-11eb-825d-01701f9ded64_story.html|access-date=2021-08-18|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Roger|date=2021-08-17|title=For America, and Afghanistan, the Post-9/11 Era Ends Painfully|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/world/asia/afghanistan-united-states.html|access-date=2021-08-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=David E.|date=2021-08-15|title=For Biden, Images of Defeat He Wanted to Avoid|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/15/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html|access-date=2021-08-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Many people became trapped in the wake of the rapid and unexpected collapse of the Afghan government, triggering a [[2021 evacuation from Afghanistan|evacuation crisis]], with tens of thousands of American citizens, and those of other allied countries, stranded inside Taliban-controlled regions.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Packer|first=George|date=2021-08-17|title=We Have One Last Chance to Save Our Allies|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/08/america-afghanistan-allies/619784/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">'''Multiple sources:'''
During the [[Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)|2021 withdrawal of American and NATO troops]], the Taliban launched [[2021 Taliban offensive|a military offensive]] in May 2021, and rapidly took control of Afghanistan in three and a half months. The [[Afghan Armed Forces]] disintegrated, and the Islamic Republic collapsed on {{Date|Aug 15, 2021|dmy}}, when Taliban forces seized the capital and largest city of [[کابل]]. This collapse was widely interpreted to be indicative of broader trends globally; including the rising influence and power of Islamism in Muslim regions, the [[Democratic backsliding|growing draw of illiberal models of governance]], and perceived [[American decline]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Hudson|first1=John|last2=Ryan|first2=Missy|date=August 17, 2021|title=Withdrawal from Afghanistan forces allies and adversaries to reconsider America's global role|language=en-US|work=[[دی واشنگٹن پوسٹ]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/withdrawal-from-afghanistan-forces-allies-and-adversaries-to-reconsider-americas-global-role/2021/08/17/2808ddbc-ff84-11eb-825d-01701f9ded64_story.html|access-date=2021-08-18|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Roger|date=2021-08-17|title=For America, and Afghanistan, the Post-9/11 Era Ends Painfully|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/world/asia/afghanistan-united-states.html|access-date=2021-08-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=David E.|date=2021-08-15|title=For Biden, Images of Defeat He Wanted to Avoid|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/15/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html|access-date=2021-08-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Many people became trapped in the wake of the rapid and unexpected collapse of the Afghan government, triggering a [[2021 evacuation from Afghanistan|evacuation crisis]], with tens of thousands of American citizens, and those of other allied countries, stranded inside Taliban-controlled regions.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Packer|first=George|date=2021-08-17|title=We Have One Last Chance to Save Our Allies|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/08/america-afghanistan-allies/619784/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">'''Multiple sources:'''
*{{Cite news|last1=Parekh|first1=Marcus|last2=Bowman|first2=Verity|last3=Millimaci|first3=Grace|last4=White|first4=Josh|date=2021-08-16|title=Joe Biden: 'I stand squarely behind' US withdrawal|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/08/16/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-control-us-evacuation-middle-east/|access-date=2021-08-18|issn=0307-1235}}
*{{Cite news|last1=Parekh|first1=Marcus|last2=Bowman|first2=Verity|last3=Millimaci|first3=Grace|last4=White|first4=Josh|date=2021-08-16|title=Joe Biden: 'I stand squarely behind' US withdrawal|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/08/16/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-control-us-evacuation-middle-east/|access-date=2021-08-18|issn=0307-1235}}
*{{Cite news|last=O’Neal|first=Adam|date=2021-08-17|title=Opinion {{!}} The Translators Biden Left Behind|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-blinken-afghanistan-withdrawal-translators-special-immigrant-visas-siv-taliban-11629235840|access-date=2021-08-18|issn=0099-9660}}
*{{Cite news|last=O’Neal|first=Adam|date=2021-08-17|title=Opinion {{!}} The Translators Biden Left Behind|language=en-US|work=[[وال اسٹریٹ جرنل]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-blinken-afghanistan-withdrawal-translators-special-immigrant-visas-siv-taliban-11629235840|access-date=2021-08-18|issn=0099-9660}}
*{{Cite web|last1=Tsirkin|first1=Julie|last2=Thorp V|first2=Frank|last3=Helsel|first3=Phil|date=August 17, 2021|title=Up to 15,000 Americans remain in Afghanistan after Taliban takeover|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/15-000-americans-remain-afghanistan-after-taliban-takeover-n1277033|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Demirjian|first=Karoun|date=August 17, 2021|title=Administration estimates that up to 15,000 Americans remain in Afghanistan, Senate aides say|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/17/afghanistan-kabul-taliban-live-updates/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2021|website=[[The Washington Post]]|language=en|quote=According to the aides, the administration officials — from the State and Defense departments, as well as the National Security Council and the Joint Chiefs of Staff — also told the assembled Senate staffers that there is no plan to evacuate Americans who are outside Kabul, as they do not have a way of getting through the Taliban checkpoints outside the Afghan capital.}}</ref>
*{{Cite web|last1=Tsirkin|first1=Julie|last2=Thorp V|first2=Frank|last3=Helsel|first3=Phil|date=August 17, 2021|title=Up to 15,000 Americans remain in Afghanistan after Taliban takeover|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/15-000-americans-remain-afghanistan-after-taliban-takeover-n1277033|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Demirjian|first=Karoun|date=August 17, 2021|title=Administration estimates that up to 15,000 Americans remain in Afghanistan, Senate aides say|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/17/afghanistan-kabul-taliban-live-updates/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2021|website=[[دی واشنگٹن پوسٹ]]|language=en|quote=According to the aides, the administration officials — from the State and Defense departments, as well as the National Security Council and the Joint Chiefs of Staff — also told the assembled Senate staffers that there is no plan to evacuate Americans who are outside Kabul, as they do not have a way of getting through the Taliban checkpoints outside the Afghan capital.}}</ref>


Although no government has recognized the re-established Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan {{As of|2021|September|8|lc=y}}{{update-inline|date=September 2021}}, the governments of [[China]], Pakistan, [[Russia]], Saudi Arabia and the United States<ref>{{Cite web|last=Iqbal|first=Anwar|date=2021-08-16|title=US to recognise Taliban only if they respect basic rights, says Blinken|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1640919|access-date=2021-08-16|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> said that they may recognize the Taliban government if it respects basic human rights.<ref name=":0" />
Although no government has recognized the re-established Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan {{As of|2021|September|8|lc=y}}{{update-inline|date=September 2021}}, the governments of [[چین]], Pakistan, [[روس]], Saudi Arabia and the United States<ref>{{Cite web|last=Iqbal|first=Anwar|date=2021-08-16|title=US to recognise Taliban only if they respect basic rights, says Blinken|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1640919|access-date=2021-08-16|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> said that they may recognize the Taliban government if it respects basic human rights.<ref name=":0" />

نسخہ بمطابق 17:04، 9 ستمبر 2021ء

امارت اسلامی افغانستان
د افغانستان اسلامی امارت (پشتو)
Imārat-e-Islāmī Afġānistān
پرچم افغانستان
ترانہ: 
مقام افغانستان
حیثیتUnrecognized state
دارالحکومت
and largest city
کابل[5]
سرکاری زبانیںپشتو زبان
نسلی گروہ
مذہب
آبادی کا نامافغان
حکومتوحدانی ریاست دیوبندی مکتب فکر حکومت الہیہ امارت under a caretaker government
• Emir[ا]
ھبت الله اخوندزادہ
محمد حسن اخوند (acting)
عبدالغنی برادر (acting)
عبدالسلام حنفی (acting)
مقننہاعلان ہونا باقی (as of 2021)
تاریخ 
15 August 2021
• 
19 August 2021
رقبہ
• کل
652,864 کلومیٹر2 (252,072 مربع میل) (40th)
• پانی (%)
negligible
آبادی
• 2020 تخمینہ
39,907,500 (44th)
• کثافت
48.08/کلو میٹر2 (124.5/مربع میل) (174th)
کرنسیافغان افغانی (افغانی) (AFN)
منطقۂ وقتیو ٹی سی+4:30
شمسی ہجری تقویم (D†)
ڈرائیونگ سائیڈright
کالنگ کوڈ+93
انٹرنیٹ ایل ٹی ڈیAf. افغانستان.
"Interior of the palace of Shauh Shujah Ool Moolk, Late King of Cabul"
تاریخ افغانستان
ماہ و سال

سانچہ:Use Oxford spelling

The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan[ب][7] is an محدود تسلیم شدہ ریاستوں کی فہرست امارت that was first established in September 1996 by the تحریک اسلامی طالبان, a دیوبندی مکتب فکر Islamist organization that began its governance of افغانستان after the 1996 fall of Kabul. In 2001, it was toppled by a United States-led military coalition that invaded the country after the سانحہ 11 ستمبر 2001ء, sparking the 20-year war in Afghanistan. The Taliban returned to power after the departure of most تنظیم معاہدہ شمالی اوقیانوس forces and the سقوط کابل 2021ء, and has since had درحقیقت control over most of the country.[8]

The 1996–2001 Taliban government was recognized only by پاکستان, سعودی عرب, and the متحدہ عرب امارات[9] It was a مذہبی آمریت ruled by a Deobandi interpretation of شریعت in accordance with the حنفی of فقہ and the religious edicts of the group's founding leader, ملا عمر. It opposed liberal democracy, سیکولرازم, and the Western world, particularly the ریاست ہائے متحدہ and اسرائیل.[10][11][12] Several cultural and recreational activities were banned as حرام (اصطلاح). Women and girls were forbidden to attend schools and universities and largely banned from working; they were also required to observe the practice of purdah and to be accompanied by محرم male relatives outside of their households. Whippings or سزائے موت were punishments for infractions. The five نماز were enforced for all مسلمان. مسیحی, اہل تشیع, بدھ مت, سکھ, ہندو and other non-اہل سنت minorities faced widespread مذہبی امتیاز and cultural genocide and other persecution. The Taliban also destroyed numerous monuments and historical artifacts, such as the 1,500-year-old بامیان کے بدھ.

The 2001 United States-led invasion of Afghanistan occurred after the Taliban refused to comply with the Bush administration's ultimatum that the group extradite al-Qaeda leader اسامہ بن لادن.[13] The تورا بورا کی لڑائی on 17 دسمبر 2001ء marked the effective overthrow of the Islamic Emirate by the شمالی اتحاد, which had been greatly bolstered by the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) established after the American invasion two months prior; this led to the Taliban's withdrawal from much of the country and the eventual formation of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Nonetheless, the Taliban continued to refer to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.[14]

During the 2021 withdrawal of American and NATO troops, the Taliban launched a military offensive in May 2021, and rapidly took control of Afghanistan in three and a half months. The Afghan Armed Forces disintegrated, and the Islamic Republic collapsed on 15 اگست 2021ء, when Taliban forces seized the capital and largest city of کابل. This collapse was widely interpreted to be indicative of broader trends globally; including the rising influence and power of Islamism in Muslim regions, the growing draw of illiberal models of governance, and perceived American decline.[15][16][17] Many people became trapped in the wake of the rapid and unexpected collapse of the Afghan government, triggering a evacuation crisis, with tens of thousands of American citizens, and those of other allied countries, stranded inside Taliban-controlled regions.[18][19][20]

Although no government has recognized the re-established Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan بمطابق 8 ستمبر 2021ء (2021ء-09-08)سانچہ:Update-inline, the governments of چین, Pakistan, روس, Saudi Arabia and the United States[21] said that they may recognize the Taliban government if it respects basic human rights.[15]

  1. ↑ "BBCNazer.com | زندگى و آموزش | حرف های مردم: سرود ملی"۔ www.bbc.co.uk۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 اگست 2021 
  2. ↑ Shafiq l Amirzai۔ "د ملي سرود تاریخ | روهي"۔ Rohi.Af (بزبان پشتو)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 اگست 2021 
  3. ↑ "ملا فقیر محمد درویش د جهادي ترنم منل شوی سرخیل"۔ نن ټکی اسیا (بزبان پشتو)۔ 2018-01-16۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 اگست 2021 
  4. ↑ Ishaan Tharoor (2013-06-19)۔ "The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?"۔ Time (بزبان انگریزی)۔ ISSN 0040-781X۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 19 اگست 2021 
  5. ↑ Fabrizio Foschini۔ "Kabul and the Challenge of Dwindling Foreign Aid" (PDF)۔ ETH Zürich۔ 09 جون 2020 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ Afghanistan’s capital city of Kabul [...] After 2001, Kabul quickly assumed the role and size of a primate city, one that has more than double the population and influence of the same country’s second-largest city. Herat, Mazar-e Sharif, and Kandahar do not even come close to half Kabul’s population. 
  6. ↑ Multiple sources:
  7. ↑ Directorate of Intelligence (2001)۔ "CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan" (mirror)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 07 مارچ 2008۔ note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 
  8. ↑ "Taliban declares 'war is over in Afghanistan' as foreign powers exit Kabul"۔ the Guardian۔ 2021-08-16۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 اگست 2021 
  9. ↑ Adrian Guelke (25 August 2006)۔ Terrorism and Global Disorder – Adrian Guelke – Google Libros۔ ISBN 9781850438038۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 15 اگست 2012 
  10. ↑ Yoshinobu Nagamine (2016)۔ The Legitimization Strategy of the Taliban's Code of Conduct: Through the One-Way Mirror۔ Palgrave Macmillan۔ صفحہ: 19۔ ISBN 9781137530882 
  11. ↑ Craig Jeffrey، John Harriss (2014)۔ Keywords for Modern India۔ اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس۔ صفحہ: 77۔ ISBN 9780191643927 
  12. ↑
  13. ↑ "Taliban rejects Bush ultimatum"۔ gulfnews.com (بزبان انگریزی)۔ 22 September 2001۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 اگست 2021 
  14. ↑ Rod Nordland، Alissa J. Rubin (24 June 2013)۔ "Taliban Flag Is Gone in Qatar, but Talks Remain in Doubt"۔ The New York Times (بزبان انگریزی)۔ ISSN 0362-4331۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 02 جولا‎ئی 2021 
  15. ^ ا ب John Hudson، Missy Ryan (August 17, 2021)۔ "Withdrawal from Afghanistan forces allies and adversaries to reconsider America's global role"۔ دی واشنگٹن پوسٹ (بزبان انگریزی)۔ ISSN 0190-8286۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 اگست 2021 
  16. ↑ Roger Cohen (2021-08-17)۔ "For America, and Afghanistan, the Post-9/11 Era Ends Painfully"۔ The New York Times (بزبان انگریزی)۔ ISSN 0362-4331۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 17 اگست 2021 
  17. ↑ David E. Sanger (2021-08-15)۔ "For Biden, Images of Defeat He Wanted to Avoid"۔ The New York Times (بزبان انگریزی)۔ ISSN 0362-4331۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 17 اگست 2021 
  18. ↑ George Packer (2021-08-17)۔ "We Have One Last Chance to Save Our Allies"۔ The Atlantic (بزبان انگریزی)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 اگست 2021 
  19. ↑ Multiple sources:
  20. ↑ Karoun Demirjian (August 17, 2021)۔ "Administration estimates that up to 15,000 Americans remain in Afghanistan, Senate aides say"۔ دی واشنگٹن پوسٹ (بزبان انگریزی)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ August 18, 2021۔ According to the aides, the administration officials — from the State and Defense departments, as well as the National Security Council and the Joint Chiefs of Staff — also told the assembled Senate staffers that there is no plan to evacuate Americans who are outside Kabul, as they do not have a way of getting through the Taliban checkpoints outside the Afghan capital. 
  21. ↑ Anwar Iqbal (2021-08-16)۔ "US to recognise Taliban only if they respect basic rights, says Blinken"۔ DAWN.COM (بزبان انگریزی)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 اگست 2021 


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