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قدیم مصر کے سلاسل شاہی کی فہرست

آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے
فرعون قدیم مصر
سابقہ بادشاہت
The Pschent combined the Red Crown of زیریں مصر and the White Crown of بالائی مصر۔
فرعون مصر کا مخصوص خاکہ
اولین بادشاہ/ملکہ نارمر (a.k.a. Menes)
آخری بادشاہ/ملکہ
[2]
انداز Five-name titulary
سرکاری رہائش گاہ مصر کے تاریخی دارالحکومتوں کی فہرست
تقرر کنندہ خدائی حق
بادشاہت کا آغاز ت 3100 BC
بادشاہت کا آختتام
  • 343 ق م
    (آخری مقامی فرعون)[1]
  • 30 ق م
    (آخری یونانی فراعنہ)
  • 313 عیسوی
    (آخری رومی شہشناہ جو فرعون کہلایا)[2]

ذیل میں فراعنۂ مصر کی فہرست درج ہے۔ فرعون کسی خاص شخص کا نام نہیں، بلکہ اصلاً یہ لقب ہے جو قدیم مصر کے بادشاہوں کے لیے استعمال ہوتا تھا۔ فرعون کے لغوی معنی "عظیم گھر" ہیں، اس سے مراد بادشاہ کا محل تھاـ فراعنہ کے عہد میں یہ اعتقاد عام تھا کہ تمام فرعون مصری دیوتاؤں کی اولاد ہیں۔[3] جس طرح چین کے بادشاہ کو خاقان، روس کے بادشاہ کو زار، روم کے بادشاہ کو قیصر اور ایران کے بادشاہ کو کسریٰ کہتے تھے اسی طرح مصر کے بادشاہ فرعون کہلاتے تھے۔
فرعون اصل میں فارا اَوْہ تھا، مصری زبان میں فارا محل کو کہتے ہیں اور اَوْہ کے معنی اونچے کے ہیں، چنانچہ فارا اوہ کے معنی ہوئے اونچا محل، اس سے شاہ مصر کی ذات بھی مراد ہوتی تھی۔[4]

قبل شاہی سلاسل دور

[ترمیم]

قبل شاہی سلاسل دور 3100 قبل مسیح کے آس پاس ختم ہوتا ہے جب مصر کو پہلی بار ایک واحد مملکت کے طور پر متحد کیا گیا تھا۔

زیریں مصر

[ترمیم]

زیریں مصر جغرافیائی طور پر شمالی دریائے نیل اور دہانہ پر مشتمل ہے۔

درج ذیل فہرست نامکمل ہو سکتی ہے۔:

تصویر نام تبصرے دور حکومت
[...]pu[5] Only known from the Palermo stone[6] نامعلوم
Hsekiu / Seka Only known from the Palermo stone[6] نامعلوم
Khayu Only known from the Palermo stone[7] نامعلوم
Tiu / Teyew Only known from the Palermo stone[8] نامعلوم
Thesh / Tjesh Only known from the Palermo stone[9] نامعلوم
Neheb Only known from the Palermo stone[10] نامعلوم
Wazner Only known from the Palermo stone[11] Ruled around or earlier than 3200 BC
Mekh Only known from the Palermo stone[12] نامعلوم
[...]a[13] Only known from the Palermo stone[12] نامعلوم
Hedju Hor Only known from two clay jugs from Tura, Egypt Naqada II??
Ny-Hor Only known from clay and stone vessels found in tombs near Tarchan, Tura, Tarjan, and Nagada. Some scholars believe that this serekh is simply a crude attempt at writing the name "نارمر".[14] Naqada II??
Ni-Neith Only known from inscriptions in حلوان، قاہرہ. Reading of name is uncertain.[15] Naqada III??
Hat-Hor Some scholars believe that this serekh is simply a crude attempt at writing the name "نارمر".[16] Around 3180 BC
[Double Falcon] May also have ruled in بالائی مصر Naqada III
(32nd century BC)
EB1911 Egypt - Early Art - King Narmer, Slate Palette.jpg
Wash Only known from the Narmer Palette[17] Around 3150 BC Naqada III

بالائی مصر

[ترمیم]

بالائی مصر سے مراد زیریں مصر کے جنوب میں دریا کے اوپر کا علاقہ ہے۔

Regrouped here are predynastic rulers of بالائی مصر belonging to the late Naqada III period, sometimes informally described as Dynasty 00:

تصویر نام تبصرے دور حکومت
A (?) Only known from a graffito discovered in the western desert in 2004.[18] This ruler is otherwise unattested. Naqada III
[Finger Snail] The existence of this king is very doubtful.[19] Naqada III
[Fish[20]] Only known from artifacts that bear his mark. He most likely never existed.[19] Naqada III
[Elephant[21]] More than likely never existed Naqada III
[Stork[22][23]] Most likely never existed.[19] Naqada III
[Bull] Most likely never existed.[19] Naqada III
[Scorpion I] First ruler of بالائی مصر. Naqada III

قبل شاہی سلاسل دور کے حکمران: شاہی سلسلہ 0

[ترمیم]

Since these kings precede the First Dynasty, they have been informally grouped as "Dynasty 0". [توضیح درکار]

The following list of predynastic rulers may be incomplete:

تصویر نام تبصرے تاریخیں
[Crocodile] Potentially read Shendjw; identity and existence are disputed.[24]
Around 3170 BC
Iry-Hor Correct chronological position unclear.[25]
Around 3170 BC
Ka Maybe read Sekhen rather than Ka. Correct chronological position unclear.[26]
Around 3170 BC
[Scorpion II] Potentially read Serqet; possibly the same person as نارمر.[27]
Around 3170 BC

ابتدائی شاہی سلسلہ دور

[ترمیم]

مصر کا ابتدائی شاہی سلسلہ دور (مصر) تقریباً 3100 سے 2686 قبل مسیح تک پھیلا ہوا ہے۔[28]

پہلا شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا پہلا شاہی سلسلہ تقریباً 3100 سے 2890 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کرتا رہا۔[29]

تصویر نام ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
نارمر Menes? Believed by many scholars to be the same person as Menes, due to the preponderance of evidence indicating this.[30] His name is widely attested across مصر, and has also been found at Nahal Tillah in اسرائیل, which is much farther afield than his predecessors.[31] Around 3150 BC[29]
ہور-آہا Teti Greek form: Athotís.[32] May also be Menes although نارمر is more likely.[30] Trade was largely replaced by direct exploitation of resources via outposts during his reign.[33] Possibly the son of Narmer. Around 3125 BC
Djer[34] Itetj Greek form: Kénkenes. His tomb was later thought to be the legendary tomb of اوسیرس. First pharaoh with a full Golden Horus name. Interest and trade with مصر's North Eastern borders appears to have been renewed during Djer's reign.[33] 54 years[35]
Djet[36] Ita Greek form: Ouenephes. Indications show that Djet did not enjoy a long reign.[37] 10 years[38]
Merneith Possibly the first female Pharaoh of Egypt. She may have ruled as regent for her son Den. Her tomb is notable for being on the same scale as other tombs of other kings of that period. Around 2950 BC
Den[39] Khasti Greek form: Ousaphaidos. Den was the first فرعون to have a Nesut-biti(dual king) name, and is the first فرعون attested wearing the double crown (pschent) of upper and lower مصر.[40] A second sed festival is attested from his reign, indicating he enjoyed a long time in power.[40] Den focused on the northeastern part of مصر during his reign, and also led a few small battles in the northeast which are attested on the Palermo stone.[41] 42 years[38]
Adjib Merybiap Greek form: Miebidós.[42]

Known for his ominous nebwy-title.[43]

10 years
Semerkhet Iry Greek form: Semempsés.[44]

First Egyptian ruler with a fully developed Nebty name. His complete reign is preserved on the Cairo Stone. Many stone vessels of his predecessor were found reinscribed for Semerkhet so he may have been a usurper.[45]

8 12 years[38]
Qa'a Sen Greek form: Bienékhes.[46]

Ruled very long, his tomb is the last one with subsidiary tombs.

34 years
Sneferka Very short reign, correct chronological position unknown. Around 2900 BC
[Horus Bird] Very short reign, correct chronological position unknown. Around 2900 BC

دوسرا شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا دوسرا شاہی سلسلہ نے 2890 سے 2686 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔[29]

تصویر شاہی نام ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Hotepsekhemwy[47] Sehotep Manetho names him Boëthos and reports that under this ruler an زلزلہ killed many people. Hotepsekhemwy broke the tradition of being buried at the Abydos royal cemetery at Umm-el-Qa'ab, where most of the 1st dynasty kings are buried, and chose to be buried at Saqqara instead to be closer to the capital.[48] 15 years
Nebra[49] Greek form: Kaíechós (after the Ramesside cartouche name Kakaw).

First ruler who uses the sun-symbol in his royal name, could be identical to king Weneg.

14 years
Nynetjer[50] Banetjer? Greek form: Binóthris.

May have divided مصر between his successors, allegedly allowed women to rule like pharaohs.

43–45 years
Ba May have been an independent ruler succeeding Nynetjer. Alternatively, he may have ruled in the 1st or 3rd dynasties or be the same person as Horus Bird. Unknown
Weneg-Nebty[51] Greek form: Ougotlas / Tlás.

Could be an independent ruler succeeding Nynetjer or the same as Peribsen, Sekhemib-Perenmaat, or Raneb.

Around 2740 BC
Wadjenes Greek form: Tlas

May have been a misinterpretation of the hieroglyphic sign of a flower called Weneg. May have been a crown prince or be the same person as Weneg-Nebty.

Around 2740 BC
Nubnefer May have been the birth name of Nebra. May either be the successor of Wadjenes or Nynetjer. Unknown
Senedj[52] Greek form: Sethenes.

Possibly the same person as Peribsen. This, however, is highly disputed.[53]

47 years (supposedly)
Seth-Peribsen Peribsen Used a Seth-animal above his serekh rather than a Horus falcon. He promoted the sun-cult in مصر and reduced the powers of officials, nomarchs and palatines. Some scholars believe that he ruled over a divided مصر.[54] Unknown
Sekhemib Sekhemib-Perenmaat Could be the same person as Seth-Peribsen.[55] Around 2720 BC
Neferkara I Greek form: Néphercherés.

Known only from Ramesside king lists, not archaeologically attested.

25 years (according to Manetho)
Neferkasokar Greek form: Sesóchris.

Known only from Ramesside king lists, not archaeologically attested. Old Kingdom legends claim that this ruler saved مصر from a long-lasting drought.[56]

8 years
Horus Sa May have been a short form of the Horus-name Sanakht. May have been the Horus-name of Weneg or Senedj, correct chronological position unclear. Unknown
– ("Hudjefa") Known only from Ramesside king lists, his "name" is actually a paraphrase pointing out that the original name of the king was already lost in Ramesside times. 11 years (according to the Turin Canon)
Khasekhem/Khasekhemwy[48] Beb(e)ty Greek form: Chenerés.

It is probable that when Khasekhem acceded kingship he was a ruler of بالائی مصر, he led campaigns against زیریں مصر that ended in his victory, to commemorate his achievement of reunifying Egypt he changed his name to Khasekhemwy.[48] His serekh name is unique for presenting both حورس and ست. He was one of Egypt's first master builders, his funerary enclosure known as Shunet-ez-Zebib is a colossal mudbrick structure.[57]

18 years

قدیم مملکت

[ترمیم]

قدیم مملکت مصر ابتدائی شاہی سلسلہ دور (مصر)" کے بعد اور پریشان رہی پہلے درمیانی دور سے پہلے کے استحکام اور ترقی کا طویل دور ہے۔ یہ مملکت 2686 سے 2181 قبل مسیح تک پھیلی ہوئی تھی۔

تیسرا شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا تیسرا شاہی سلسلہ نے 2686 سے 2613 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔[29]

تصویر شاہی نام ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Djoser[58][59] Netjerikhet Hellenized names Sesorthos and Tosórthros.

Commissioned the first Pyramid in مصر, created by chief architect and scribe Imhotep.

19 or 28 years, possibly around 2650 BC[60]
(Djoser-)Teti Sekhemkhet[61] Greek form: Tyréis (after the Ramesside cartouche name for Sekhemkhet, Teti).

In the necropolis of his unfinished step pyramid, the remains of a 2-year old infant were found.[62]

2649–2643 BC
Nebka? Sanakht Likely to be identified with the throne name Nebka; Hellenized names Necherôchis and Necherôphes. May have reigned 6 years if identified with the penultimate king of the Dynasty on the Turin canon. Around 2650 BC
Qahedjet Possibly be the same person as Huni or an archaistic representation of تحتمس سوم, correct chronological position unknown. Unknown
Khaba Possibly built an unfinished step pyramid, could be identical with Huni. 2643–2637 BC
Huni[63] Greek form: Áches.

Could be the same as Qahedjet or Khaba. Possibly built an unfinished step pyramid and several cultic pyramids throughout مصر. Huni was for a long time credited with the building of the pyramid of Meidum. This, however, is disproved by جدید مملکت مصر graffiti that praise king سنفرو, not Huni.

2637–2613 BC

چوتھا شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا چوتھا شاہی سلسلہ نے 2613 سے 2496 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔[29]

تصویر شاہی نام ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
سنفرو Nebmaat Greek form: Sóris.

Reigned 48 years, giving him enough time to build the Meidum Pyramid, the ہرم سنفرو and the سرخ ہرم. Some scholars believe that he was buried in the Red Pyramid. For a long time it was thought that the Meidum Pyramid was not Sneferu's work, but that of king Huni. Ancient Egyptian documents describe Sneferu as a pious, generous and even accostable ruler.[64]

2613–2589 BC[29]
خوفو Medjedu Greek form: Cheops and Suphis.

Built the ہرم خوفو. Khufu is depicted as a cruel tyrant by ancient Greek authors; Ancient Egyptian sources however describe him as a generous and pious ruler. He is the main protagonist in the Westcar Papyrus. The first imprinted papyri originate from Khufu's reign, which may have made ancient Greek authors believe that Khufu wrote books in attempt to praise the gods.

2589–2566 BC
جدفرع Kheper Greek form: Rátoises.

Some scholars believe he created the Great Sphinx of Giza as a monument for his deceased father. He also created a pyramid at Abu Rawash. However, this pyramid is no longer extant; it is believed the Romans re-purposed the materials from which it was made.

2566–2558 BC
Khafre Userib Greek form: Chéphren and Suphis II.

His pyramid is the second largest in جیزہ. Some scholars prefer him as the creator of the Great Sphinx before Djedefra. His funerary complex was the largest at the Giza plateau.

2558–2532 BC
Baka Greek form: Bikheris.

Could be the owner of the Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan. Possibly fictional.

Around 2570 BC
منقرع Kakhet Greek form: Menchéres.

His pyramid is the third and smallest in جیزہ. A legend claims that his only daughter died due to an illness and Menkaura buried her in a golden coffin in the shape of a cow.

2532–2503 BC
Shepseskaf Shepeskhet Greek form: Seberchéres.

Owner of the Mastabat el-Fara'un.

2503–2498 BC
(Thamphthis) According to Manetho the last king of the 4th dynasty. He is not archaeologically attested and thus possibly fictional. Around 2500 BC

پانچواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا پانچواں شاہی سلسلہ نے 2496 سے 2345 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔[29]

تصویر شاہی نام ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Irimaat Userkaf Buried in a pyramid in Saqqara. Built the first solar temple at Abusir. 2496–2491 BC
Sahure Moved the royal necropolis to Abusir, where he built his pyramid. 2490–2477 BC
Neferirkare Kakai Son of Sahure, born with the name Ranefer 2477–2467 BC
Neferefre Izi Son of Neferirkare 2460–2458 BC
Shepseskare Netjeruser دور حکومتed most likely after Neferefre and for only a few months, possibly a son of Sahure.[65] A few months
Nyuserre Ini Brother to Neferefre, built extensively in the Abusir necropolis. 2445–2422 BC
Menkauhor Ikau Last pharaoh to build a sun temple 2422–2414 BC
Djedkare Isesi Effected comprehensive reforms of the Egyptian administration. Enjoyed the longest reign of his dynasty, with likely more than 35 years on the throne. 2414–2375 BC
Unas The Pyramid of Unas is inscribed with the earliest instance of the ہرمی ادب. He also constructed Unas's causeway a 500m long causeway from the bank of the river Nile to his funerary complex, this is where his funerary precession would have taken place. 2375–2345 BC

چھٹا شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا چھٹا شاہی سلسلہ نے 2345 سے 2181 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Teti According to Manetho, he was murdered. 2345–2333 BC
Userkare دور حکومتed one to five years, may have usurped the throne at the expense of Teti 2333–2332 BC
Meryre Pepi I Faced conspiracies and political troubles yet became the most prolific builder of his dynasty 2332–2283 BC
Merenre Nemtyemsaf I Reformed the administration of Upper Egypt by decentralization, received the submission of Lower Nubia 2283–2278 BC
Neferkare Pepi II Possibly the longest-reigning monarch in human history, with 94 years on the throne. Alternatively, may have reigned only 64 years. 2278–2183 BC
Neferka دور حکومتed during Pepi II; was possibly his son or co-ruler. Possibly writing mistake for "Neferkare" 2200–2199 BC
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II[66] Short lived pharaoh, possibly an aged son of Pepi II. 1 year and 1 month c. 2183 BC
Netjerkare I Neitiqerty Siptah (Nitocris) This male king gave rise to the legendary queen Nitocris of ہیروڈوٹس and Manetho.[67] Sometimes classified as the first king of the combined 7th/8th Dynasties. Short reign: c. 2182–2179 BC

پہلا درمیانی دور

[ترمیم]

The First Intermediate Period (2183–2060 BC) is a period of disarray and chaos between the end of the قدیم مملکت مصر and the advent of the Middle Kingdom.

The قدیم مملکت مصر rapidly collapsed after the death of Pepi II. He had reigned for more than 64 and likely up to 94 years, longer than any monarch in history. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age. The union of the Two Kingdoms fell apart and regional leaders had to cope with the resulting قحط.

The kings of the 7th and 8th Dynasties, who represented the successors of the 6th Dynasty, tried to hold onto some power in Memphis but owed much of it to powerful nomarchs. After 20 to 45 years, they were overthrown by a new line of pharaohs based in ہیراکلیوپولس میگنا. Some time after these events, a rival line based at طیبہ، مصر revolted against their nominal Northern overlords and united بالائی مصر. Around 2055 BC, Mentuhotep II, the son and successor of pharaoh Intef III defeated the Herakleopolitan pharaohs and reunited the Two Lands, thereby starting the Middle Kingdom.

مصر کا ساتواں اور آٹھواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The Seventh and Eighth Dynasties ruled for approximately 20–45 years. They comprise numerous ephemeral kings reigning from ممفس، مصر over a possibly divided Egypt and, in any case, holding only limited power owing to the effectively feudal system into which the administration had evolved. The list below is based on the Abydos King List dating to the reign of Seti I and taken from Jürgen von Beckerath's Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen[68] as well as from Kim Ryholt's latest reconstruction of the Turin canon, another king list dating to the Ramesside Era.[69]

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Menkare Likely attested by a relief fragment from the tomb of queen Neit.[70][71][72] Probably short, around 2181 BC
Neferkare II Unknown
Neferkare III Neby Attested by inscriptions in the tomb of his mother Ankhesenpepi, started the construction of a pyramid in Saqqara. Unknown
Djedkare Shemai Unknown
Neferkare IV Unknown
Merenhor Unknown
Neferkamin I / Sneferka Unknown
Nikare Possibly attested by a cylinder-seal. Unknown
Neferkare V Tereru Unknown
Neferkahor Attested by a cylinder seal. Unknown
Neferkare VI Pepiseneb Unknown to 2171 BC
Neferkamin Anu Around 2170 BC
Qakare Ibi Built a poorly constructed pyramid at Saqqara inscribed with the last known instance of the ہرمی ادب 2175–2171 BC
Neferkaure Attested by one to three decrees from the temple of دیوتا من at قفط. 2167–2163 BC
Neferkauhor Khuwihapi Attested by eight decrees from the temple of Min and an inscription in the tomb of Shemay. 2163–2161 BC
Neferirkare Pepi Possibly to be identified with horus Demedjibtawy, in which case he is attested by a decree from the temple of Min. 2161–2160 BC

نواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا نواں شاہی سلسلہ[73] نے 2160 سے 2130 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔[29]

The Turin King List has 18 kings reigning in the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties. Of these, twelve names are missing and four are partial.[73]

تصویر نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Meryibre Khety I (Acthoes I) Manetho states that Achthoes founded this dynasty. 2160 BC–unknown[29]
Name lost Unknown
Neferkare VII Unknown
Nebkaure Khety II (Acthoes II) Unknown
Senenh— or Setut Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Mery— Unknown
Shed— Unknown
H— Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
User(?)[...] Unknown
Imhotep Ephemeral ruler of the Ninth Dynasty. Only known from two rock inscriptions in the Wadi Hammamat.[74][75][76][77][78][79] Correct chronological position unknown. Unknown

دسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا دسواں شاہی سلسلہ ایک مقامی گروہ تھا جس نے زیریں مصر پر غلبہ حاصل کیا اور 2130 سے 2040 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔[29]

تصویر نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Meryhathor 2130 BC–unknown
Neferkare VIII Between 2130 and 2040 BCE
Wahkare Khety III (Acthoes III) Unknown
Merykare Unknown–2040 BC
Name lost Few months

گیارھواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا گیارہواں شاہی سلسلہ کی ابتدا تھیبن نامورچوں کے ایک گروہ سے ہوئی جو آٹھویں، نویں یا دسویں شاہی سلسلہ کے بادشاہوں کی خدمت کر رہے تھے جن کی جڑیں بالائی مصر میں تھیں جنھوں نے 2134 سے 1991 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔

تصویر نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Intef the Elder Theban nomarch (Iry-pat) serving an unnamed king, later considered a founding figure of the 11th Dynasty. Unknown

The successors of Intef the Elder, starting with Mentuhotep I, became independent from their northern overlords and eventually conquered Egypt under Mentuhotep II.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Tepia Mentuhotep I Nominally a Theban nomarch (Tepy-a) but may have ruled independently. Unknown – 2133 BC
Sehertawy Intef I First member of the dynasty to claim a Horus name. 2133–2117 BC[29]
Wahankh Intef II Conquered ابیدوس and its nome. 2117–2068 BC[29]
Nakhtnebtepnefer Intef III Conquered اسیوط and possibly moved further North up to the 17th nome.[80] 2068–2060 BC[29]

وسطی مملکت

[ترمیم]

The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040–1802 BC) is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. In addition to the مصر کا بارہواں شاہی سلسلہ, some scholars include the Eleventh, Thirteenth and مصر کا چودہواں شاہی سلسلہ in the Middle Kingdom.

The Middle Kingdom can be noted for the expansion of trade outside of the kingdom that occurred during this time.

مصر کا گیارھواں شاہی سلسلہ جاری

[ترمیم]

The second part of the Eleventh Dynasty is usually considered to be the beginning of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II[81] Mentuhotep II regained all مصر c. 2015 BC, Middle Kingdom begins, becomes first pharaoh of Middle Kingdom.
  • 2060–2040 BC[29]
    (King of Upper Egypt only)
  • 2040–2009 BC[29]
    (King of Upper and Lower Egypt)
Sankhkare Mentuhotep III[82] Commanded the first expedition to Punt of the Middle Kingdom 2009–1997 BC[29]
Nebtawyre Mentuhotep IV[83] Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists; tomb unknown. May have been overthrown by his vizier and successor Amenemhat I. 1997–1991 BC[29]

Enigmatic kings, only attested in Lower Nubia:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Menkhkare Segerseni[84] Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists, tomb unknown. Only attested in Lower Nubia, most likely a usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty. Early 20th century BC
Qakare Ini[84] Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists, tomb unknown. Only attested in Lower Nubia, most likely a usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty. Early 20th century BC
Iyibkhentre[84] Geregtaw(y)ef Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists, tomb unknown. Only attested in Lower Nubia, most likely a usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty. Early 20th century BC

بارھواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا بارہواں شاہی سلسلہ نے 1991 سے 1802 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Sehetepibre Amenemhat I[85][86] (Ammanemes I)[87] Amenemhat I was not from a royal family, and built the first substantial pyramid since Pepi II at Lisht.[88] He restored order in Egypt, and then built a new capital called اشتاووی. Amenemhat I was probably assassinated.[89] 1991–1962 BC[29]
Kheperkare Senusret I[90] (Sesonchosis)[91] Senusret I built extensively in بالائی مصر, including the temple of آمون at کرنک.[88] Senusret I claimed to have sent 17,000 people into the Wadi Hammamat to bring back stone for 150 statues and 60 sphinxes.[92] He also constructed a pyramid at Lisht near his fathers pyramid. 1971–1926 BC
Nubkaure Amenemhat II[93] (Ammenemes II)[94] Amenemhat II recorded his reign in now fragmented annals.[88] The Egyptian navy may have attacked Cyprus during his campaigns.[95] Amenemhat II also built a ہرم at Dashur. Ruled for at least 35 years. 1929–1895 BC[29]
Khakheperre Senusret II[96]
(No name given by Manetho)[97]
Senusret II developed the Fayyum as a major agricultural resource during his reign.[98] He also built a pyramid at Lahun. 1897–1878 BC[29]
Khakaure Senusret III[99] (Sesostris)[100] Senusret III got rid of nomarchs and made 3 administrative districts.[101] He also led campaigns into Lower نوبہ in his 8th, 10th, 16th, and 18th regnal years.[95] Senusret III also built his own pyramid at Dashur and was the most powerful and influential pharaoh of the 12th dynasty. 1878–1839 BC
Nimaatre آمنمہات سوم[102] (Lamares)[103] آمنمہات سوم further developed the فیوم as an agricultural region.[88] He also constructed a large mortuary complex at Hawara including his pyramid, the mortuary complex was probably the labyrinth that inspired the ancient Greek authors.[104] 1860–1814 BC
Maakherure Amenemhat IV[105] (Ammenemes)[106] Had a co-regency lasting at least 1 year based on an inscription at Konosso. 1816–1807 BC
Sobekkare Sobekneferu[107] (Skemiophris)[108] The first known archeologically attested female Pharaoh. 1807–1802 BC

The position of a possible additional ruler, Seankhibtawy Seankhibra, is uncertain. He may be an ephemeral king, or a name variant of a king of the 12th or 13th Dynasty.

دوسرا درمیانی دور

[ترمیم]

The Second Intermediate Period (1802–1550 BC) is a period of disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the جدید مملکت مصر. It is best known as when the Hyksos, whose reign comprised the Fifteenth Dynasty, made their appearance in Egypt.

The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the مصر کا بارہواں شاہی سلسلہ, and was unable to hold onto the two lands of Egypt. Either at the start of the dynasty, c. 1805 BC or toward the middle of it in c. 1710 BC, the provincial ruling family in Xois, located in the marshes of the eastern Delta, broke away from the central authority to form the Canaanite مصر کا چودہواں شاہی سلسلہ.

The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of اواریس (the modern Tell el-Dab'a/Khata'na), conquering the kingdom of the 14th dynasty. Sometime around 1650 BC the Hyksos, perhaps led by Salitis the founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty, conquered ممفس، مصر, thereby terminating the 13th dynasty. The power vacuum in Upper Egypt resulting from the collapse of the 13th dynasty allowed the 16th dynasty to declare its independence in طیبہ، مصر, only to be overrun by the Hyksos kings shortly thereafter.

Subsequently, as the Hyksos withdrew from Upper Egypt, the native Egyptian ruling house in Thebes set itself up as the Seventeenth Dynasty. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia under Seqenenre Tao, Kamose and finally Ahmose, first pharaoh of the New Kingdom.

تیرھواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The Thirteenth Dynasty (following the Turin King List) ruled from 1802 to around 1649 BC and lasted 153 or 154 years according to Manetho.

This table should be contrasted with Known kings of the 13th Dynasty:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I Founded the 13th Dynasty. His reign is well attested. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies 1802–1800 BC[109]
Mehibtawy Sekhemkare Amenemhat Sonbef Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son of Amenemhat IV[109] 1800–1796 BC[109]
Nerikare Sobek[...] Attested on a Nile record from Semna.[حوالہ درکار] 1796 BC
Sekhemkare Amenemhat V Ruled for 3 to 4 years[109] 1796–1793 BC[109]
Ameny Qemau Buried in his pyramid in south دہشور 1795–1792 BC
Hotepibre Qemau Siharnedjheritef Also called Sehotepibre 1792–1790 BC
Iufni Only attested on the Turin canon Very short reign, possibly c. 1790–1788 BC[109]
Seankhibre Amenemhat VI Attested on the Turin Canon.[حوالہ درکار] 1788–1785 BC
Semenkare Nebnuni Attested on the Turin Canon[حوالہ درکار] 1785–1783 BC[109] or 1739 BC[110]
Sehetepibre Sewesekhtawy Attested on the Turin Canon.[حوالہ درکار] 1783–1781 BC[109]
Sewadjkare I Known only from the Turin canon 1781 BCE
Nedjemibre Known only from the Turin canon 7 months, 1780 BC[109] or 1736 BC[110]
Khaankhre Sobekhotep Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies دور حکومتed c. 3 years, 1780–1777 BC[109]
Renseneb 4 months 1777 BC[109]
Awybre Hor Famous for his intact tomb treasure and Ka statue دور حکومتed 1 year and 6 months, 1777–1775 BC[109]
Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw Possibly a son of Hor Awibre Estimated reign 3 years, 1775–1772 BC[109]
Djedkheperew Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with Khendjer Estimated reign 2 years, 1772–1770 BC[109]
Sebkay Possibly two kings, Seb and his son Kay.[109]
Sedjefakare Kay Amenemhat A well known king attested on numerous stelas and other documents. 5 to 7 years or 3 years, 1769–1766 BC[109]
Khutawyre Wegaf Founder of the dynasty in old studies Around 1767 BC
Userkare Khendjer Possibly the first سامی زبانیں pharaoh, built a pyramid at Saqqara Minimum 4 years and 3 months c. 1765 BC
Smenkhkare Imyremeshaw Attested by two colossal statues دور حکومتed less than 10 years, starting 1759 BC[109] or 1711 BC.[111]
Sehetepkare Intef IV Less than 10 years
Meribre Seth دور حکومت ended 1749 BCE
Sekhemresewadjtawy Sobekhotep III 4 years and 2 months 1755–1751 BC
Khasekhemre Neferhotep I 11 years 1751–1740 BC
Menwadjre Sihathor Ephemeral coregent with his brother Neferhotep I, may not have reigned independently. 1739 BC[109]
Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV 10 or 11 years 1740–1730 BC
Merhotepre Sobekhotep V
1730 BC
Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI 4 years 8 months and 29 days Around 1725 BC
Wahibre Ibiau 10 years and 8 months 1725–1714 BC or 1712–1701 BC[109]
Merneferre Ay I Longest reigning king of the dynasty 23 years, 8 months and 18 days, 1701–1677 BC[109] or 1714–1691 BC
Merhotepre Ini Possibly a son of his predecessor 2 years, 3 or 4 months and 9 days, 1677–1675 BC[109] or 1691–1689 BC
Sankhenre Sewadjtu Attested only on the Turin canon 3 years and 2–4 months, 1675–1672 BC[109]
Mersekhemre Ined May be the same person as Neferhotep II 3 years, 1672–1669 BC[109]
Sewadjkare II Hori دور حکومتed 5 years 5 years
Merkawre Sobekhotep VII دور حکومتed 2 years and 6 months[109] 1664–1663 BC[109]
Name lost Seven kings نامs lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon[109] 1663 BC –?[109]
Name lost
Name lost
Name lost
Name lost
Name lost
Name lost
Mer[...]re Unknown
Merkheperre Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC[109]
Merkare Attested only on the Turin canon Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC[109]
Name lost Unknown
Sewadjare Mentuhotep V Around 1655 BC[109]
[...]mosre Unknown
Ibi [...]maatre Unknown
Hor[...] [...]webenre Unknown
Se...kare Unknown Unknown
Seheqenre Sankhptahi May be the son of his predecessor Between 1663 and 1649 BC
...re Unknown Unknown
Se...enre Unknown Unknown – 1649 BC[109]

The position of the following kings is uncertain:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Djedhotepre Dedumose I Possibly a king of the 16th dynasty Around 1654 BC
Djedneferre Dedumose II Possibly a king of the 16th dynasty Unknown
Maare Sobekhotep IX Late 13th dynasty. Unknown
Sewahenre Senebmiu Late 13th dynasty. After 1660 BC.[109]
Mershepsesre Ini II Late 13th dynasty. Unknown
Menkhaure Snaaib Possibly a king of the Abydos Dynasty Unknown

چودھواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The مصر کا چودہواں شاہی سلسلہ was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at اواریس,[112] that ruled from either 1805 BC or around 1710 BC until around 1650 BC.

Some of the contested rulers of the 14th Dynasty (proposed by Kim Ryholt) are commonly identified by Egyptologists as being of Canaanite (Semitic) descent, owing to the distinct origins of the names of some of their kings and princes. However, the dynasty rulers are not referred to as Hyksos in the Turin kings list.[113] It is here given according to Ryholt; however, this reconstruction of the dynasty is heavily debated with the position of the five kings preceding Nehesy highly disputed.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Sekhaenre Yakbim Chronological position uncertain, here given according to Ryholt[112] 1805–1780 BC
Nubwoserre Ya'ammu Chronological position uncertain, here given per Ryholt[112] 1780–1770 BC
Khawoserre[112] Qareh Chronological position uncertain, here given per Ryholt[112] 1770–1760 BC
Aahotepre[112] 'Ammu Chronological position uncertain, here given per Ryholt[112] 1760–1745 BC
Maaibre Sheshi[114] Chronological position, duration of reign and extend of rule uncertain, here given according to Ryholt.[112] Alternatively, he could be an early Hyksos king, a Hyksos ruler of the second part of the 15th Dynasty or a vassal of the Hyksos. 1745–1705 BC
Aasehre Nehesy Short reign, perhaps a son of Sheshi[112] Around 1705 BC
مصر کا چودہواں شاہی سلسلہ Unknown
مصر کا چودہواں شاہی سلسلہ Around 1704 BC
Sehebre Possibly identifiable with Wazad or Sheneh[109] Around 1704 to 1699 BC
Merdjefare Possibly identifiable with Wazad or Sheneh[109] Around 1699 BC
Sewadjkare III Unknown
Nebdjefare 1694 BC
Webenre Unknown
Name lost Unknown
[...]djefare Unknown
[...]webenre Around 1690 BC
Awibre II Unknown
Heribre Unknown
Nebsenre[112] Attested by a jar bearing his prenomen At least 5 months of reign, some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC
Name lost Unknown
[...]re Unknown
Sekheperenre[112] Attested by a single scarab seal 2 months, some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC
Djedkherewre Unknown
Sankhibre II Unknown
Nefertum[...]re Unknown
Sekhem[...]re Unknown
Kakemure Unknown
Neferibre Unknown
I[...]re Unknown
Khakare Unknown
Akare[115] Only known from the Turin canon Unknown
Semenenre Hapu Unknown
Djedkare[112] Anati Only known from the Turin canon Unknown
Bebnum[112] Only known from the Turin canon Some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC
Name lost Eight lines lost in the Turin canon Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Senefer[...]re Unknown
Men[...]re Unknown
Djed[...]re Unknown
Name lost Three lines lost in the Turin canon Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Ink[...] Unknown
'A[...][116] Only known from the Turin canon. Name may be read as "Ineb" according to Alan Gardiner.[116] Unknown
'Apepi[112] Possibly attested as a king's son by 5 scarabs-seals c. 1650 BC
Name lost Five lines lost in the Turin canon Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown
Name lost Unknown

The position and identity of the following pharaohs is uncertain:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Khamure[109] Unknown
Nuya[109] Attested by a scarab-seal Unknown
Sheneh[109] May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare Unknown
Shenshek[109] Attested by a scarab-seal Unknown
Wazad[109] May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare Around 1700 BC ?
Yakareb[109] Unknown
Meruserre Yaqub-Har[114] May belong to the مصر کا چودہواں شاہی سلسلہ, the 15th dynasty or be a vassal of the Hyksos. 17th–16th centuries BC

The Turin King List provides additional names, none of which are attested beyond the list.

پندرھواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The Fifteenth Dynasty arose from among the Hyksos people who emerged from the زرخیز ہلال to establish a short-lived governance over much of the Nile region, and ruled from 1674 to 1535 BC.

تصویر شاہی نام ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
(Salitis) Ruled زیریں مصر and founded the 15th Dynasty around 1650 BCE
Semqen Chronological position uncertain. 1649 BC – Unknown
'Aper-'Anat Chronological position uncertain. Unknown
Sakir-Har Unknown
Seuserenre Khyan Apex of the Hyksos' power, conquered Thebes toward the end of his reign likely 30–35 years
Nebkhepeshre / Aqenenre / Auserre Apepi 1590 BC?
Nakhtyre / Hotepibre Khamudi 1555–1544 BC

ابیدوس شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The Second Intermediate Period may include an independent dynasty reigning over Abydos from around 1650 BC until 1600 BC.[117][118][119]

Four attested kings may be tentatively attributed to the Abydos Dynasty, and they are given here without regard for their (unknown) chronological order:

تصویر Prenomen Nomen تبصرے تاریخیں
Woseribre Senebkay Tomb discovered in 2014. Perhaps identifiable with a Woser[...]re of the Turin canon. Around 1650 BC
Menkhaure Snaaib May belong to the late 13th Dynasty.[120][121][122] Uncertain
Sekhemrekhutawy Pantjeny May belong to the late 16th Dynasty[123] Uncertain
Sekhemraneferkhau Wepwawetemsaf May belong to the late 16th Dynasty[123] Uncertain
[...]hebre Only known from the Turin Canon. Believed by Kim Ryholt to have been part of the Abydos dynasty.[124] Uncertain

سولہواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The Sixteenth Dynasty was a native طیبہ، مصر dynasty emerging from the collapse of the Memphis-based 13th dynasty around 1650 BC. They were finally conquered by the Hyksos 15th dynasty around 1580 BC.

The 16th dynasty held sway over Upper Egypt only.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
نام of the first king is lost here in the Turin King List and cannot be recovered Unknown
Sekhemresementawy Djehuti 3 years
Sekhemreseusertawy Sobekhotep VIII 16 years
Sekhemresankhtawy Neferhotep III 1 year
Seankhenre Mentuhotepi May be a king of the 17th Dynasty[121] <l1 year
Sewadjenre Nebiryraw I 26 years
Neferkare (?) Nebiryraw II Around 1600 BC
Semenre Around 1600 BC
Seuserenre Bebiankh 12 years
Djedhotepre Dedumose I May be a king of the 13th Dynasty[121] Around 1588–1582 BC
Djedneferre Dedumose II Around 1588–1582 BC
Djedankhre Montemsaf Around 1590 BC
Merankhre Mentuhotep VI Short reign, around 1585 BC
Seneferibre Senusret IV Unknown
Sekhemre Shedwast May be the same as Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II Unknown

The 16th Dynasty may also have comprised the reigns of pharaohs Sneferankhre Pepi III[125] and Nebmaatre. Their chronological position is uncertain.[120][121]

سترھواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا سترہواں شاہی سلسلہ کی بنیاد بالائی مصر میں تھی اور اس نے 1650 سے 1550 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Sekhemrewahkhaw Rahotep Around 1620 BC
Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I At least 7 years
Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II His tomb was robbed and burned during the reign of Ramesses IX. Unknown to around 1573 BC
Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef V Possibly around 1573-1571 BC
Nubkheperre Intef VI دور حکومتed more than 3 years Around 1571 to the mid-1560s BC
Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef VII Late 1560s BC
Senakhtenre Ahmose Around 1558 BC
Seqenenre Tao Died in battle against the Hyksos. 1558–1554 BC
Wadjkheperre Kamose 1554–1549 BC

The early 17th Dynasty may also have included the reign of a pharaoh Nebmaatre, whose chronological position is uncertain.[109]

جدید مملکت

[ترمیم]

The جدید مملکت مصر (1550–1077 BC) is the period covering the مصر کی اٹھارویں سلطنت, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th to the 11th century BC, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period.

Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. It expanded far into نوبہ in the south, and held wide territories in the مشرق قریب. Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day سوریہ.

Three of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are ریان بن ولید, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the آتون is often interpreted as the first instance of توحیدیت, توت عنخ آمون known for the discovery of his nearly intact tomb, and رمسيس ثانی who attempted to recover the territories in modern اسرائیل-فلسطینی تنازع, لبنان and سوریہ that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. His reconquest led to the Battle of Qadesh, where he led the Egyptian armies against the army of the Hittite king Muwatalli II.

اٹھارہواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا اٹھارہواں شاہی سلسلہ نے 1550 سے 1292 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Nebpehtire Ahmose I (Ahmosis I) Brother and successor to Kamose, conquered north of Egypt from the Hyksos.
Around 1550–1525 BC; Radiocarbon date range for the start of his reign is 1570–1544 BC, the mean point of which is 1557 BC[126]
Djeserkare Amenhotep I Son of Ahmose I. Amenhotep I led campaigns in nubia down to the 3rd دریائے نیل cataract.[127] He also introduced the practice of having the tomb and funerary temple in separate locations rather than in the same location.[128] It is possible that Amenhotep I and his mother Ahmose-Nefertari founded the tomb workers village of Deir-el-Medina, the two were honored as gods by later residents.[129]
1541–1520 BC
Aakheperkare تحتمس اول Father unknown, though possibly Amenhotep I. His mother is known to be Senseneb. تحتمس اول established family control over the Egyptian throne for the next 175 years.[127] تحتمس اول defeated the مملکت کوش and destroyed Kerma in نوبہ, he campaigned in Syria as far as the دریائے فرات.[127] He is also the father of تحتمس دوم and ہیتشیپسٹ.[127]
1520–1492 BC
Aakheperenre تحتمس دوم Son of تحتمس اول. Grandson of Amenhotep I through his mother, موت نفرت.
1492–1479 BC
Maatkare ہیتشیپسٹ The second known female ruler of Egypt. May have ruled jointly with her nephew تحتمس سوم during the early part of her reign. Famous for her expedition to Punt documented on her famous Mortuary Temple at Deir el-Bahari. Built many temples and monuments. Ruled during the height of Egypt's power. Was the daughter of تحتمس اول and the Great Wife of her brother تحتمس دوم.
1479–1458 BC
Menkheperre تحتمس سوم Son of تحتمس دوم. May have ruled jointly with ہیتشیپسٹ, his aunt and step-mother, during the early part of her reign. Famous for his territorial expansion into سرزمین شام and نوبہ. Under his reign, the Ancient Egyptian Empire was at its greatest extent. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power. Before the end of his reign, he obliterated ہیتشیپسٹ name and image from temples and monuments.
1458–1425 BC
Aakheperrure آمون حوتپ دوم Son of تحتمس سوم. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power.
1425–1400 BC
Menkheperure تھٹموس چہارم Famous for his Dream Stele. Son of آمون حوتپ دوم. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power.
1400–1390 BC
Nebmaatre آمون حوتپ سوم Father of ریان بن ولید and grandfather of توت عنخ آمون. Ruled Egypt at the height of its power. Built many temples and monuments, including his enormous Mortuary Temple. Was the son of تھٹموس چہارم.
1390–1352 BC
Neferkheperure Waenre Amenhotep IV / ریان بن ولید (Achencheres) Founder of the Amarna Period in which he changed the state religion from the کثرت پرستی قدیم مصری مذہب to the توحیدیت Atenism, centered around the worship of the آتون, an image of the sun disc. He moved the capital to عمارنہ. Was the second son of آمون حوتپ سوم. He changed his name from Amenhotep (آمون is pleased) to Akhenaten (Effective for the آتون) to reflect his religion change.
1352–1336 BC
Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare Ruled jointly with ریان بن ولید during the later years of his reign. Unknown if Smenkhare ever ruled in his own right.

Identity and even the gender of Smenkhare is uncertain. Some suggest he may have been the son of Akhenaten, possibly the same person as توت عنخ آمون; others speculate Smenkhare may have been Nefertiti or Meritaten. May have been succeeded by or identical with a female Pharaoh named Neferneferuaten.

1335–1334 BC
Ankhkheperure mery Neferkheperure Neferneferuaten A female Pharaoh, possibly the same ruler as Smenkhkare. Archaeological evidence relates to a woman who reigned as pharaoh toward the end of the Amarna Period. It is likely she was Nefertiti.
1334-1332 BC
Nebkheperure Tutankhaten / توت عنخ آمون Commonly believed to be the son of ریان بن ولید, most likely reinstated the قدیم مصری مذہب. His name change from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun reflects the change in religion from the monolatristic Atenism to the classic religion, of which آمون is a major معبود. He is thought to have taken the throne at around age eight or nine and to have died around age eighteen or nineteen, giving him the nickname "The Boy King." Tutankhamun was a weak ruler suffering from multiple health issues. However, he became famous for being buried in a decorative tomb intended for someone else called KV62.
1332–1324 BC
Kheperkheperure Ay II Was Grand Vizier to توت عنخ آمون and an important official during the reigns of ریان بن ولید and Smenkhkare. Possibly the brother of تیی(زوجہ آمون حوتپ دوم), Great Wife of آمون حوتپ سوم, and also possibly father of Nefertiti, Great Wife of Akhenaten. Believed to have been born into nobility, but not royalty. Succeeded Tutankhamun due to his lack of an heir.
1324–1320 BC
Djeserkheperure Setpenre Horemheb Born a Commoner. Was a General during the Amarna Period. Obliterated Images of the Amarna Pharaohs and destroyed and vandalized buildings and monuments associated with them. Succeeded Ay despite Nakhtmin being the intended heir.
1320–1292 BC

انیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا انیسواں شاہی سلسلہ نے 1292 سے 1186 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی اور اس میں سب سے بڑے فرعونوں میں سے ایک شامل ہے: رمسيس ثانی عظیم۔

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Menpehtire Ramesses I[130] Of non-royal birth. Succeeded Horemheb due to his lack of an heir.
1292–1290 BC
Menmaatre Seti I Regained much of the territory that was lost under the reign of ریان بن ولید.
1290–1279 BC
Usermaatre Setpenre (Ozymandias) رمسيس ثانی the Great Continued expanding Egypt's territory until he reached a پات with the Hittite Empire at the Battle of Kadesh in 1275 BC, after which the famous مصری۔ہتی امن معاہدہ was signed in 1258 BC. Had one of the longest Egyptian reigns. Known for his large scale construction projects, including many now famous monuments.
1279–1213 BC
Banenre منفتاح بن رمسیس ثانی[131] Thirteenth son of رمسيس ثانی.
1213–1203 BC
Menmire Setpenre Amenmesse Most likely a usurper to the throne. Possibly ruled in opposition to Seti II. Suggested son of منفتاح بن رمسیس ثانی.
1203–1200 BC
Userkheperure Seti II[132] Son of منفتاح بن رمسیس ثانی. May have had to overcome a contest by Amenmesse before he could solidify his claim to the throne.
1203–1197 BC
Sekhaenre / Akhenre (Merenptah) Siptah[133] Possibly son of Seti II or Amenmesse, ascended to throne at a young age.
1197–1191 BC
Satre Merenamun Tausret Probably the wife of Seti II. Also known as Twosret or Tawosret.
1191–1190 BC

بیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا بیسواں شاہی سلسلہ نے 1190 سے 1077 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Userkhaure Setnakhte Not related to Seti II, Siptah, or Tausret. May have usurped the throne from Tausret. Did not recognize Siptah or Tausret as legitimate rulers. Possibly a member of a minor line of the Ramesside royal family. Also called Setnakt.
1190–1186 BC
Usermaatre Meryamun Ramesses III Son of Setnakhte. Fought the Sea Peoples in 1175 BC. Possibly assassinated (Harem conspiracy).
1186–1155 BC
Usermaatre / Heqamaatre Setpenamun Ramesses IV Son of Ramesses III. During his reign, Egyptian power started to decline.
1155–1149 BC
Usermaatre Sekheperenre Ramesses V Son of Ramesses IV
1149–1145 BC
Nebmaatre Meryamun Ramesses VI Son of Ramesses III. Brother of Ramesses IV. Uncle of Ramesses V.
1145–1137 BC
Usermaatre Setpenre Meryamun Ramesses VII Son of Ramesses VI.
1137–1130 BC
Usermaatre Akhenamun Ramesses VIII An obscure Pharaoh, who reigned only around a year. Identifiable with Prince Sethiherkhepeshef II. Son of Ramesses III. Brother of Ramesses IV and Ramesses VI. Uncle of Ramesses V and Ramesses VII. He is the sole Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty whose tomb has not been found.
1130–1129 BC
Neferkare Setpenre Ramesses IX Probably grandson of Ramesses III through his father, Montuherkhopshef. First cousin of Ramesses V and Ramesses VII.
1129–1111 BC
Khepermaatre Setpenptah Ramesses X[134] A poorly documented Pharaoh, his reign was between 3 and 10 years long. His origins are completely uncertain.
1111–1107 BC
Menmaatre Setpenptah Ramesses XI[135] Possibly the son of Ramesses X. During the second half of his reign, High Priest of Amun Herihor ruled over the south from طیبہ، مصر, limiting his power to زیریں مصر. He was succeeded in the north by Smendes.
1107–1077 BC

تیسرا درمیانی دور

[ترمیم]

The Third Intermediate Period (1077–664 BC) marked the end of the جدید مملکت مصر after the collapse of the Egyptian empire at the end of the برنجی دور. Two dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.

اکیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The مصر کا اکیسواں شاہی سلسلہ was based at تانیس and was a relatively weak group. Theoretically, they were rulers of all Egypt, but in practice their influence was limited to Lower Egypt. They ruled from 1077 to 943 BC.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Hedjkheperre-Setpenre Nesbanebdjed I[136] (Smendes I) Married to Tentamun, probable daughter of Ramesses XI. 1077–1051 BC
Neferkare Amenemnisu Obscure four-year reign. 1051–1047 BC
Aakheperre Pasebakhenniut I (Psusennes I) Son of Pinedjem I, a High Priest of Amun. Ruled for 40 to 51 years. Famous for his intact tomb at تانیس. Known as "The Silver Pharaoh" due to the magnificent silver coffin he was buried in. One of the most powerful rulers of the Dynasty. 1047–1001 BC
Usermaatre Amenemope Son of Psusennes I. 1001–992 BC
Aakheperre Setepenre Osorkon the Elder Son of Shoshenq A, Great Chief of the Meshwesh (Libya). Also known as Osochor. 992–986 BC
Netjerikheperre-Setpenamun Siamun Unknown Origins. Built extensively for a third intermediate period Pharaoh. One of the most powerful rulers of the dynasty. 986–967 BC
Titkheperure Pasebakhenniut II (Psusennes II) Son of Pinedjem II, a High Priest of Amun. 967–943 BC

آمون کے اعلیٰ پجاری

[ترمیم]

Though not officially pharaohs, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes were the de facto rulers of بالائی مصر during the Twenty-first dynasty, writing their names in cartouches and being buried in royal tombs.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Hemnetjertepenamun Herihor Siamun Ruled in the south in طیبہ، مصر, while Ramesses XI ruled from the north in بر رمسیس. Some sources suggest he may have reigned after Piankh. 1080–1074 BC
Piankh Some sources suggest he may have reigned before Herihor. 1074–1070 BC
Kheperkhawra Setepenamun Pinedjem I Meriamun Son of Piankh. Father of Psusennes I. 1070–1032 BC
Masaharta Son of Pinedjem I. 1054–1045 BC
Djedkhonsuefankh Son of Pinedjem I. 1046–1045 BC
Hemnetjertepienamun Menkheperre Son of Pinedjem I. 1045–992 BC
Nesbanebdjed II (Smendes II) Son of Menkheperre. 992–990 BC
Pinedjem II Son of Menkheperre, Father of Psusennes II. 990–976 BC
Titkheprure Hemnetjertepienamun Pasebakhaennuit (Psusennes III) Possibly the same person as Psusennes II. Either he or Pinedjem II is generally considered to be the last High Priest of Amun to consider himself as a pharaoh-like figure. 976–943 BC

بائیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The pharaohs of the مصر کا بائیسواں شاہی سلسلہ were Libyans, ruling from around 943 to 728 BC.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Hedjkheperre Setpenre Shoshenq I Meriamun Son of Nimlot A, a brother of Osorkon the Elder and a Great Chief of the Meshwesh (Libyans). Possibly the biblical Shishaq 943–922 BC
Sekhemkheperre Setepenre Osorkon I Meriamun Son of Shoshenq I. 922–887 BC
Heqakheperre Setepenre Shoshenq II Meriamun Obscure pharaoh, possibly a usurper. 887–885 BC
Tutkheperre Shoshenq IIb Obscure pharaoh, placement uncertain. 880s BC
Hedjkheperre Setepenamun Harsiese Meriamun A An obscure rebel, at Thebes. 880–860 BC
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot I Meriamun Son of Osorkon I. 885–872 BC
Usermaatre Setpenamun Osorkon II Meriamun Son of Takelot I. 872–837 BC
Usermaatre Setpenre Shoshenq III Meriamun 837–798 BC
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq IV Meriamun Sabast Netjerheqaiunu 798–785 BC
Usermaatre Setpenre Pami Meriamun 785–778 BC
Aakheperre Shoshenq V 778–740 BC
Usermaatre Osorkon IV 740–720 BC

تئیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The مصر کا تئیسواں شاہی سلسلہ was a local group, again of Libyan origin, based at ہیراکلیوپولس میگنا and Thebes that ruled from 837 to c. 735 BC.

تصویر شاہی نام ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Hedjkheperre Setpenre Takelot II Siesemeriamun Previously thought to be a 22nd Dynasty pharaoh, he is now known to be the founder of the 23rd. 837–813 BC
Usermaatre Setpenamun Meriamun Pedubast I A rebel—seized طیبہ، مصر from Takelot II. 826–801 BC
Iuput I Meriamun Co-regent with Pedubast. 812–811 BC
Usermaatre Meryamun Shoshenq VI Meriamun Successor to Pedubast. 801–795 BC
Usermaatre Setpenamun Osorkon III Saisetmeriamun Son of Takelot II; recovered Thebes, then proclaimed himself king. 795–767 BC
Usermaatre-Setpenamun Takelot III Meriamun Saisetmeriamun Co-reign with his father Osorkon III for the first five years of his reign. 773–765 BC
Usermaatre-Setpenamun Meriamun Rudamun Younger son of Osorkon III and brother of Takelot III. 765–762 BC
Uasnetjerre/Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq VII Saisetmeriamun A poorly attested king.

Rudamun was succeeded in طیبہ، مصر by a local ruler:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Menkheperre Ini دور حکومتed at Thebes only. 762–Unknown BC

چوبیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The مصر کا چوبیسواں شاہی سلسلہ was a short-lived rival dynasty located in the western Delta (صا الحجر), with only two pharaohs ruling from 732 to 720 BC.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Shepsesre Tefnakhte 732–725 BC
Wahkare Bakenrenef (Bocchoris) 725–720 BC

پچیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

نوبہns invaded Lower Egypt and took the throne of Egypt under Piye although they already controlled Thebes and Upper Egypt in the early years of Piye's reign. Piye's conquest of Lower Egypt established the مصر کا پچیسواں شاہی سلسلہ which ruled until 656 BC.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Usermaatre Piye King of نوبہ; conquered Egypt in his 20th year; full reign at least 24 years, possibly 30+ years 744–714 BC, according to Frédéric Payraudeau[137]
Djedkaure Shebitku Believed to be Shabaka's successor until the 2010s 714–705 BC, according to Frédéric Payraudeau[137]
Neferkare Shabaka Believed to be Shebitku's predecessor until the 2010s 705–690 BC, according to Frédéric Payraudeau[137]
Khuinefertemre Taharqa Died in 664 BC 690–664 BC[138]
Bakare Tantamani Lost control of بالائی مصر in 656 BC when Psamtik I extended his authority into Thebes in that year. 664–653 BC

They were ultimately driven back into Nubia, where they established a kingdom at نبتہ (656–590), and, later, at مرواہ (590 BC – AD 500).

موخر دور

[ترمیم]

The Late Period runs from around 664 to 332 BC, and includes periods of rule by native Egyptians and ہخامنشی سلطنت.

چھبیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا چھبیسواں شاہی سلسلہ نے 664 سے 525 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی۔[139]

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Menibre? Iribre? Tefnakht II (Stephinates) Manetho's Stephinates. May have been a descendant of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty. The father of Necho I. 685–678 BC
Nekauba (Nechepsos) Manetho's Nechepsos. His existence has been questioned. 678–672 BC
Menkheperre Nekau I (Necho I) Was killed by an invading مملکت کوش force in 664 BC under Tantamani. Father of Psamtik I. 672–664 BC

The son and successor of Nekau I, Psamtik I, managed to reunify Egypt and is generally regarded as the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty.

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Wahibre Psamtik I (Psammetichus I) Reunified مصر. Son of Necho I and father of نکوہ دوم. 664–610 BC[140]
Wehemibre Nekau II (نکوہ دوم) Most likely the pharaoh mentioned in several books of the بائبل and the death of یوسیاہ. Son of Psamtik I and father of Psamtik II. 610–595 BC[140]
Neferibre Psamtik II (Psammetichus II) Son of نکوہ دوم and father of Apries. 595–589 BC[140]
Haaibre Wahibre (Apries) Fled Egypt after Amasis II (who was a general at the time) declared himself pharaoh following a civil war. Son of Psamtik II. 589–570 BC[140]
Khnemibre Ahmose II (Amasis II) He was the last great ruler of مصر before the Persian conquest. According to the Greek historian ہیروڈوٹس, he was of common origins. Father of Psamtik III. 570–526 BC[140]
Ankhkaenre Psamtik III (Psammetichus III) Son of Amasis II. Ruled for about six months before being defeated by the Persians in the Battle of Pelusium and subsequently executed for attempting to revolt. 526–525 BC[140]

مصر کا ستائیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

Egypt was conquered by the ہخامنشی سلطنت in 525 BC and constituted a satrapy as part of this empire until 404 BC. The ہخامنشی خاندان شاہ were acknowledged as Pharaohs in this era, forming the مصر کا ستائیسواں شاہی سلسلہ:

تصویر شاہی نام نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Mesutre Kembydjet (Cambyses II) Defeated Psamtik III at the Battle of Pelusium at 525 BC. 525–1 July 522 BC[140]
Bardiya (Smerdis) / Gaumata Son of کورش اعظم. 522 BC[140]
Seteture Deriush (دارا اول) Ascended throne by overthrowing Gaumata[حوالہ درکار] 522–November 486 BC[140]
Kheshayarusha (خشیارشا اول) Assassinated by Artabanus of Persia. November 486–December 465 BC[140]
Artabanus the Hyrcanian 465-464 BC
Arutakhshashas (اردشیر اول) Died in 424 BC 464–424 BC
Xerxes II A claimant. 424–423 BC[140]
Sogdianus A claimant. 423–July 423 BC[140]
دارا دوم Died in 404 BC July 423–March 404 BC[140]

Several native rebellions took place during the 27th dynasty:

Image Throne name Personal name Comments Dates
Seheruibre Petubastis III[141] A native Egyptian rebel in the نیل ڈیلٹا. 522/21–520 BC
Ahmose? Nebkaenre? Psammetichus IV[141] A proposed native Egyptian rebel leader. Exact date uncertain. Possibly in the 480s BC

اٹھائیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کائیسوں شاہی سلسلہ 404 سے 398 قبل مسیح تک صرف 6 سال چلا، ایک فرعون کے ساتھ:

تصویر نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Amunirdisu (Amyrtaeus) Descendant of the Saite pharaohs of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against the Persians. 404–398 BC

انتیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا انتیسواں شاہی سلسلہ نے 398 سے 380 قبل مسیح تک حکومت کی:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Baenre Merynetjeru Nefaarud I (Nepherites I) Also known as Nepherites. Defeated Amyrtaeus in open battle and had him executed. 398–393 BC
Khnemmaatre Setepenkhnemu Hakor (Achoris) Son of Nefaarud I. Around 392–around 391 BC
Userre Setepenptah Pasherienmut (Psammuthes) Possibly dethroned Hakor for a year. Around 391 BC
Khnemmaatre Setepenkhnemu Hakor (Achoris) Retook the throne from Psammuthes. Around 390–around 379 BC
Nefaarud II (Nepherites II) Was deposed and likely killed by Nectanebo I after ruling for only 4 months. Son of Hakor. Around 379 BC
Muthis Possible pharaoh attested in Eusebius's epitome; not known archaeologically and his chronological placement is disputed. Possibly a year between 393–380 BC

تیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

مصر کا تیسواں شاہی سلسلہ نے 379/8 سے حکومت کی یہاں تک کہ مصر ایک بار پھر فارسی حکمرانی کے تحت آیا ت 340 قبل مسیح:[142][143]

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Kheperkare Nekhtnebef (Nectanebo I) Also known as Nekhtnebef. Deposed and likely killed Nefaarud II, starting the last dynasty of native Egyptians. Father of Teos. 379/8–361/0 BC
Irimaatenre Djedher (Teos) Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Was overthrown by Nectanebo II with the aid of Agesilaus II of سپارٹا. 361/0–359/8 BC
Snedjemibre Setepenanhur Nakhthorhebyt Merihathor (Nectanebo II) Last native ruler of ancient مصر[144] to be recognized by Manetho. 359/8–341/0 BC

اکتیسواں شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

Egypt again came under the control of the ہخامنشی خاندان Persians. After the practice of Manetho, the Persian rulers from 340 to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the مصر کا اکتیسواں شاہی سلسلہ:

تصویر نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Artaxerxes III مصر came under Persian rule for the second time. Did not adopt any pharaonic titulary. ت 341/339 – 338 BC[145]
Artaxerxes IV Arses Only reigned in زیریں مصر. Did not adopt any pharaonic titulary. 338–336 BC
دارا سوم بالائی مصر returned to Persian control in 335 BC. His name, Deriush, was written in a cartouche as a pharaonic nomen would be. 336–332 BC

Native rebellions again took place during the 31st dynasty:

Image Throne name Personal name Comments Dates
Senensetepuniptah Khababash Rebel pharaoh who led an invasion in نوبہ. 338–335 BC[140]

عصر ہیلینستی

[ترمیم]

آرگیاد شاہی سلسلہ

[ترمیم]

The Macedonian Greeks under سکندر اعظم ushered in the عصر ہیلینستی period with his conquest of Persia and Egypt. The Argeads ruled from 332 to 309 BC:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Setpenre Meryamun Aluksindres (سکندر اعظم) Formally Alexander III of مقدونیہ (قدیم مملکت) conquered ایران and مصر. 332–13 June 323 BC[140]
Setpenre Meryamun Pelupuisa (Philip Arrhidaeus) Formally Philip III of Macedon. Mentally disabled half-brother of Alexander the Great. 323–317 BC
Khaibre Setepenamun Aluksindres (Alexander IV) Formally Alexander IV of Macedon. Son of Alexander the Great and رخسانہ. 317–309 BC

بطلیموسی خاندان

[ترمیم]

The second عصر ہیلینستی dynasty, the سلطنت بطلیموس, ruled Egypt from 305 BC until Egypt became a province of قدیم روم in 30 BC (whenever two dates overlap, that means there was a co-regency). The most famous member of this dynasty was Cleopatra VII, in modern times known simply as قلوپطرہ, who was successively the consort of جولیس سیزر and, after Caesar's death, of مارک انتھونی, having children with both of them.

Cleopatra strove to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome, but the assassination of Caesar and the defeat of Mark Antony doomed her plans.[حوالہ درکار]

سیزاریئن (Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar) was the last king of the بطلیموسی خاندان of Egypt, and he reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC. He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only son of جولیس سیزر, after whom he was named. Between the alleged death of Cleopatra, on August 12, 30 BC, up to his own alleged death on August 23, 30 BC, he was nominally the sole pharaoh. It is tradition that he was hunted down and killed on the orders of Octavian, who would become the رومی شہنشاہ آگستس, but the historical evidence does not exist.[حوالہ درکار]

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Setpenre Meryamun بطلیموس اول سوتیر Abdicated in 285 BC[حوالہ درکار] 7 November 305 – January 282 BC[140]
Weserkare Meryamun بطلیموس دوم 28 March 284 – 28 January 246 BC
Khenem(et)ibenmaat Mer(et)netjru Arsinoe II Wife of بطلیموس دوم c. 277 – July 270 BC[140]
Iwaensenwinetjerwy Setepenre Sekhemankhenamun Ptolemy III Euergetes 28 January 246 – November/December 222 BC
Bereniket Meritnetjerou Berenice II Wife of Ptolemy III. Murdered. 244/243 – 222 BC
Iwaennetjerwymenekhwy Setepenptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun Ptolemy IV Philopator Died in unclear circumstances, possibly by fire in the palace or murder. November/December 222 – July/August 204 BC
Arsinoe III Wife of Ptolemy IV. Murdered. 220–204 BC
Iwaennetjerwymer(wy)it Setepenptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun Ptolemy V Epiphanes بالائی مصر in revolt 207–186 BC July/August 204 – September 180 BC
Hunu Zatheqa Iretenheqa Mereneterubaqet Kheqerenshenemu Tatetzat Huti Werpehti Sehertawi Redinesnebetirekhitenneferu Qenisinetnebzau Tenisiathoremmeruts Cleopatra I Syra Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority c. February 193 – 176 BC[140]
Iwaennetjerwyperu Setepenptahkheperi Irymaatamunre Ptolemy VI Philometor Lived under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BC–163 BC; restored 163 BC Died 145 BC c. May 180 – October 164 BC[140]and

163 – c. July 145 BC[140]

Cleopatra II Wife of Ptolemy VI. Married Ptolemy VIII around 145 BC; led revolt against him in 131 BC and became sole ruler of مصر. Later reconciled with Ptolemy VIII; co-ruled with Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII until 116 BC. 175 – October 164 BC

and

163–127 BC

and

124–116 BC

Iwaennetjerwyperwy Setepenptah Irymaatre Sekhemankhenamun Ptolemy VIII Physcon Proclaimed king by اسکندریہns in 170 BC; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II from 169 to 164 BC. Restored 145–131 BC and again in 127 BC. Died 116 BC 171–163 BC

and

144–131 BC

and

127–116 BC

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Proclaimed co-ruler by his father; later ruled under regency of his mother Cleopatra II 145–144 BC
Nebtaoui Kanekhet Cleopatra III Second wife of Ptolemy VIII. Restored with Ptolemy VIII in 127 BC; later co-regent with Ptolemy IX and X. Murdered by her own son Ptolemy X. 142–131 BC

and

127–107 BC

Ptolemy Memphites Proclaimed King by Cleopatra II; soon killed by Ptolemy VIII 131 BC
Iwa(en)netjermenekhnetjeretmeretmutesnedjet(et) Setepenptah Irimaatre Sekhemankhamun Ptolemy IX Soter Died 80 BC 28 June 116–October 110 BC[140]
Cleopatra IV Briefly married to Ptolemy IX, but was pushed out by Cleopatra III. Later murdered. 28 June 116–115 BC[140]
Iwa(en)netjermenekhenetjeretmenkhetre Setepenptah Irimaatre Senenankhenamun Ptolemy X Alexander Died 88 BC October 110–February 109 BC[140]
Kliapadrat Bereniket Berenice III Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later 81–80 BC
Ptolemy XI Alexander Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by Sulla; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing Berenice III 80 BC[140]
Iwaenpanetjernehem Setepenptah Irimaatenre Sekhemankhamen Ptolemy XII Auletes Son of Ptolemy IX; deposed in 58 BC Reigned briefly with his daughter قلوپطرہ before his death in 51 BC 80–58 BC[140]

and

55–51 BC[140]

Cleopatra V Tryphaena Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV 79–68 BC
Cleopatra VI Daughter of Ptolemy XII, but theorised by some Egyptologists to actually be the same person as Cleopatra V.[146] 58–57 BC
Berenice IV Daughter of Ptolemy XII; forced to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes, but had him strangled. Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BC. 58–55 BC[140]
Weretnebetneferu Akhetzeh قلوپطرہ Ruled jointly with her father Ptolemy XII, her brother Ptolemy XIII, her brother-husband بطلیموس چہاردہم, and her son سیزاریئن. In modern usage, the stand-alone use of "Cleopatra" with no ordinal number usually refers to قلوپطرہ. Committed suicide. 31 May 52[147] – 12 August 30 BC[140]
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator Brother and first husband of قلوپطرہ 51–13 January 47 BC
Arsinoe IV In opposition to قلوپطرہ December 48 – January 47 BC
بطلیموس چہاردہم Younger brother of قلوپطرہ and Ptolemy XIII 13 January 47–26 July 44 BC
Iwapanetjernetynehem Setepenptah Irimaatre Sekhem(ankh)enamun سیزاریئن Infant son of قلوپطرہ; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra. Last known ruler of ancient مصر when قدیم روم took over. 2 September 44 – August 30 BC

Native rebellions also took place under Greek rule:

تصویر Throne name ذاتی نام تبصرے تاریخیں
Hugronaphor Revolutionary pharaoh in the South 205–199 BC
Ankhmakis Revolutionary pharaoh in the South 199–185 BC
Harsiesi Revolutionary pharaoh in the South 131–130 BC

روم

[ترمیم]
Egyptian relief depicting the Roman Emperor ترائیان (right, reigned 98–117 AD) in full pharaonic style.

قلوپطرہ had affairs with Roman dictator جولیس سیزر and Roman general مارک انتھونی, but it was not until after her suicide (after Mark Antony was defeated by آگستس, who would later be Emperor آگستس) that Egypt became a province of the قدیم روم in 30 BC. Subsequent Roman emperors were accorded the title of pharaoh, although exclusively only while in Egypt.

The last Roman emperor to be conferred the title of pharaoh was ماکسیمینوس داتزا (reigned 311–313 AD).[2][148]

مزید دیکھیے

[ترمیم]

حوالہ جات

[ترمیم]
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