ویکیپیڈیا:دوبارہ ہجے تلفظ کلید
Vowels
[ترمیم]| Respelling symbol(s) | Example | IPA symbol | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | trap | /æ/ | Australian /æ/ or /æː/[1] | Scottish /a/ |
| ah | palm | /ɑː/ | ||
| a(h) | trap or palm | /æ/ or /ɑː/ | Either in free variation, or pronounced with /ɑː/ in accents with trap-bath split, and with /æ/ in accents without the bath-trap split. | |
| air | square | /ɛər/ | ||
| ar | start | /ɑr/ | Scottish /ar/ | |
| arr | marry | /ær/ | ||
| aw | thought | /ɔː/ | [2] | |
| ay | face | /eɪ/ | ||
| ə | about | /ə/ or /ɨ/ | Unstressed neutral vowel. (Sometimes i may be used for /ɨ/.) | |
| ər | letter | /ər/ or /ɚ/ | Unstressed neutral rhotic vowel | |
| e | dress | /ɛ/ | ||
| ee | fleece | /iː/ or /i/ | also the second vowel of city[3] | |
| eer | near | /ɪər/ | ||
| err | merry | /ɛr/ | ||
| ew | ewe, dew | /juː/ | American /u/ or /ju/[4] | |
| ewr | cure | /jʊər/ | ||
| eye | item | /aɪ/ | Respelled -y after a consonant. The same vowel as the price example below | |
| i | kit | /ɪ/ | ||
| irr | mirror | /ɪr/ | ||
| o | lot | /ɒ/ | -o- by itself may be /ɵ/ | |
| oh | goat | /oʊ/ | ||
| oo | food | /uː/ | Scottish /ʉ/ | |
| oor | poor | /ʊər/ | ||
| or or ohr | force or wore | /ɔər/ | Australian /oː(r)/ | |
| or or awr | north or war | /ɔr/ | ||
| orr | orange | /ɒr/ | Scottish /ɔr/ | |
| ow | mouth | /aʊ/ | ||
| owr | hour | /aʊər/ | ||
| oy | choice | /ɔɪ/ | ||
| u | cut | /ʌ/ | ||
| ur | nurse | /ɜr/ or /ɝː/ | American /ɜr, ɝ/ | Scottish /ʌr, ɛr, ɪr, ɜr/[5] |
| urr | hurry | /ʌr/ | ||
| uu | foot | /ʊ/ | Scottish /ʉ/ | |
| y | price, dye | /aɪ/ | with a consonant, otherwise respelled eye. American /aɪ/ or /ʌɪ/[6] | |
| yr | fire | /aɪər/ | ||
Consonants
[ترمیم]| Respelling symbol | Example | IPA symbol(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | but, web | /b/ | |
| ch | church, nature | /tʃ/ | |
| d | do, odd | /d/ | |
| dh | this, father, breathe | /ð/ | This sound is similar to th /θ/, but voiced. |
| f | fool, enough, leaf | /f/ | |
| g or gh | go, beg, ghee | /ɡ/ | Not as in gem or gin, which is j /dʒ/. For legibility, ghee is used instead of gee in a few articles. |
| h | ham, ahead | /h/ | |
| j | gin, joy, edge | /dʒ/ | |
| k | cat, kiss, skin, quick | /k/ | |
| kh | chutzpah, loch | /x/ | Pronounced like h (at the beginning of a syllable) or k (at the end of a syllable) by many speakers |
| l | left, bell | /l/ | |
| m | man, ham | /m/ | |
| n | no, tin | /n/ | |
| ng | ring, singer, sink | /ŋ/ | Not the sound in finger, which is ng-g /ŋɡ/. |
| ng-g | finger | /ŋɡ/ | |
| p | pen, spin, tip | /p/ | |
| r | run, very | /r/ | |
| s or ss | see, city, pass | /s/ | Not as in rose, which is z /z/. Use ss in positions where single s is normally /z/ in English, such as the end of a word after a vowel or a voiced consonant: for example, transliterate "ice" as eyess, not eyes and "tense" as tenss, not tens. |
| sh | she, sure, emotion, leash | /ʃ/ | |
| t | two, sting, bet | /t/ | |
| th | thing, teeth | /θ/ | |
| v | voice, have | /v/ | |
| w | we, quick | /w/ | |
| wh | what | /hw/ | In many dialects, people substitute w for this sound. |
| y | yes | /j/ | |
| z | zoo, rose, lens | /z/ | |
| zh | pleasure, vision, beige | /ʒ/ | Some speakers may substitute j /dʒ/ for this sound at the beginning of a word, except in proper names such as Zsa Zsa. |
- ↑ See "Bad–lad split" for details of this distinction.
- ↑ This assumes the absence of the cot–caught merger. In accents with this merger, aw represents the same sound as o.
- ↑ This assumes "happy-tensing". In accents without happy-tensing, unstressed ee is pronounced like i.
- ↑ Dependent on accent, the /j/ is pronounced after some consonants, coalesceses with other consonants or is dropped entirely.
- ↑ See Fern–fir–fur merger for details of this distinction.
- ↑ Value depends on voicing of following consonant; phonemic for very few words. Distinction can be made by adjoining consonant: Myki MY-kee, Mikey MYK-ee.