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سانچہ:شماریات

آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے

(سانچہ:Statistics سے رجوع مکرر)

Descriptive statistics

تقسیم احتمال

Center	Mean نمونہ اوسط ہندسی اوسط ایقاعی اوسط Median Mode
Dispersion	تفاوت معیاری انحراف Coefficient of variation صدک Range Interquartile range
Shape	مرکزی حد مسئلہ اثباتی Moments Skewness Kurtosis L-moments

Index of dispersion

Summary tables

Data collection

Study design	Population Statistic Effect size Statistical power Optimal design Sample size determination Replication Missing data
Survey methodology	Sampling stratified cluster Standard error Opinion poll سوالنامہ
Controlled experiments	Scientific control Randomized experiment Randomized controlled trial Random assignment Blocking Interaction Factorial experiment
Adaptive Designs	Adaptive clinical trial Up-and-Down Designs Stochastic approximation
Observational Studies	Cross-sectional study Cohort study Natural experiment Quasi-experiment

Statistical inference

Statistical theory

Frequentist inference

Point estimation	Estimating equations امکاناتی حد اعلیٰ Method of moments M-estimator Minimum distance Unbiased estimators Mean-unbiased minimum-variance Rao–Blackwellization Lehmann–Scheffé theorem Median unbiased Plug-in
Interval estimation	اعتماد وقفہ Pivot Likelihood interval Prediction interval Tolerance interval Resampling بادیت (احصاء) Jackknife
احصائی اختبار مفروضہ	1- & 2-tails Power Uniformly most powerful test Permutation test Randomization test Multiple comparisons
Parametric tests	Likelihood-ratio Score/Lagrange multiplier Wald

Specific tests

Z-test (normal) Student's t-test F-test
Goodness of fit	Chi-squared G-test Kolmogorov–Smirnov Anderson–Darling Lilliefors Jarque–Bera Normality (Shapiro–Wilk) Likelihood-ratio test Model selection Cross validation AIC BIC
Rank statistics	Sign Sample median Signed rank (Wilcoxon) Hodges–Lehmann estimator Rank sum (Mann–Whitney) Nonparametric anova 1-way (Kruskal–Wallis) 2-way (Friedman) Ordered alternative (Jonckheere–Terpstra)

Bayesian inference

ارتباط	Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination
Regression analysis	Errors and residuals Regression validation Mixed effects models Simultaneous equations models Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
Linear regression	Simple linear regression Ordinary least squares General linear model Bayesian regression
Non-standard predictors	Nonlinear regression Nonparametric Semiparametric Isotonic Robust Heteroscedasticity Homoscedasticity
Generalized linear model	Exponential families Logistic (Bernoulli) / Binomial / Poisson regressions
Partition of variance	Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova) Analysis of covariance Multivariate ANOVA Degrees of freedom

Categorical / Multivariate / سلسلہ زماں / Survival analysis

سلسلہ زماں

General	Decomposition Trend Stationary process Seasonal adjustment Exponential smoothing Cointegration Structural break Granger causality
Specific tests	Dickey–Fuller Johansen Q-statistic (Ljung–Box) Durbin–Watson Breusch–Godfrey
Time domain	Autocorrelation (ACF) partial (PACF) Cross-correlation (XCF) ARMA model ARIMA model (Box–Jenkins) Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) Vector autoregression (VAR)
Frequency domain	Spectral density estimation Fourier analysis Wavelet Whittle likelihood

Survival function	Kaplan–Meier estimator (product limit) Proportional hazards models Accelerated failure time (AFT) model First hitting time
Hazard function	Nelson–Aalen estimator
Test	Log-rank test

حیاتی شماریات	معلوماتیۂ حیاتیات Clinical trials / studies Epidemiology Medical statistics
Engineering statistics	Chemometrics Methods engineering Probabilistic design Process / quality control Reliability System identification
Social statistics	احصائی علوم مردم شماری Crime statistics Demography معاشی پیمائش Jurimetrics National accounts Official statistics Population statistics Psychometrics
Spatial statistics	نقشہ نگاری Environmental statistics Geographic information system Geostatistics Kriging

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شماریات