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معاونت:بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد/استونیائی اور فنش

آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے

The charts below show the way in which the بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد represents استونیائی زبان and فنش زبان pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. See Finnish phonology and Estonian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages.

معاونت:با ابجدیہ Examples English approximation
حرف صحیحs
[[|ç]] Finnish vihma, lyhty human, huge
[[|d]] Finnish ladot adept
[[|h]] hevonen horse
[[|ɦ]] vaha ahead
[[|j]] joulu yoyo
[[|k]] kala scold
[[|l]] laulu lack
[1] Estonian only: lk leep
[[|m]] metsä, onpa may
[[|n]] nenä nanny
ŋ vangita eating
[1] Estonian only: vann onion
[[|p]] puu spill
[[|r]] rauta rolled r
[[|s]] sinä sole
[1] Estonian only: vastik super (some dialects)
[[|t]] tina stand
[1] Estonian only: vatt RP stew
[[|ʋ]] viha Between v and w
[[|x]] Finnish kahvi yech, Scottish English loch
Stress
[[|ˈ]] hevonen Normally placed on the first syllable.
hernekeitto
[ˈher.neˈkeit.to]
Both first syllables in some compound words.
tule! [ˈtuˈle] Both syllables in two-syllable imperatives.
معاونت:با ابجدیہ Examples English approximation
مصوتs
[[|ɑ]] pouta Like father, but shorter
[[|ɑː]] poutaa father
[[|æ]] pöytä cat
[[|æː]] päivää mad
[[|e]] terve let
[[|eː]] eesti émigré
[[|i]] viha feet
[[|iː]] siika feed
[[|o]] oksa poke
[[|oː]] koostaa chore
[[|ø]] pöly No English equivalent; somewhat like bird but shorter
[[|øː]] säröön Somewhat like bird
[[|ɤ]] Estonian only: õlu No English equivalent; somewhat like wood
[[|ɤː]] Estonian only: õõnsus Same as above but longer
[[|u]] surma wood
[[|uː]] suu, ruoan coop
[[|y]] Finnish kesy
Estonian küla
No English equivalent; somewhat like cube
[[|yː]] Finnish ryyppy
Estonian rüüpa
Same as above but longer

Finnish diphthongs

[ترمیم]
معاونت:با ابجدیہ Examples English approximation
Diphthong
ɑi aika aisle, eye
ɑu aura how
æi äiti main in some Australian dialects
æy täytyy no English equivalent
ei ei, hei heyday
eu neutraali No English equivalent. Spanish and Italian neutro.
ey keskeytyä no English equivalent
ie kieli (standard pronunciation) no English equivalent
iu viulu no English equivalent
معاونت:با ابجدیہ Examples English approximation
iy siistiytyä no English equivalent
oi koittaa, koettaa coin
ou outo American pronunciation of no, oh
øi töi No English equivalent. French feuille.
øy pöyristyä roughly like the British pronunciation of no, oh
ui muita No English equivalent. Spanish muy, French grenouille, Portuguese anuis, Italian lui.
uo Suomi (standard pronunciation) Somewhat like Woah. Spanish acentúo, Italian suo.
yi syi No English equivalent. French huit.
, t (standard pronunciation) no English equivalent

Estonian diphthongs

[ترمیم]

/ɑe/, /ɑi/, /ɑo/, /ɑu/, /æe/, /æi/, /æo/, /æu/, /eɑ/, /ei/, /eo/, /iu/, /oɑ/, /oe/, /oi/, /ou/, /ɤɑ/, /ɤe/, /ɤi/, /ɤo/, /ɤu/, /øɑ/, /øe/, /øi/, /ui/, /yi/.

Notes

[ترمیم]
  1. ^ ا ب پ ت In Estonian, palatalized consonants, /tʲ nʲ sʲ lʲ/, are pronounced like their non-palatalized counterparts, but the tongue is constricted towards the hard palate as if a simultaneous /j/ were being pronounced.

References

[ترمیم]
  • Eva Liina Asu، Pire Teras (2009)، "Estonian"، Journal of the International Phonetic Association، 39 (3): 367–372، doi:10.1017/s002510030999017x 
  • Kari Suomi، Juhani Toivanen، Riikka Ylitalo (2008)، Finnish sound structure، ISBN 978-951-42-8983-5 

==External links==* Pronunciation of Finnish in a nutshell* Pronunciation of Estonian geographical names