آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے
The charts below show the way in which the بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد is used to transcribe the نگونی زبانیں such as Xhosa, زولو زبان, and Swazi.
A superscript X marks a sound or spelling found specifically in Xhosa, and Z specifically in Zulu. Sounds marked * are only in loanwords.
حرف صحیحs
|
مصوتs
|
Tones
|
Non-click
|
IPA |
Orthography
|
[[|bʱ]]
|
bh
|
[[|ɓ]]
|
b
|
[[|dʱ]]
|
d
|
d̠ʲʱ
|
dyX
|
[[|dzʱ]]
|
dz*
|
[[|dʒʱ]]
|
j
|
[[|f]]
|
f
|
[[|ɡʱ]]
|
ghZ, gX
|
[[|ɠ]]
|
gZ
|
[[|h]]
|
h
|
[[|ɦ]]
|
hh
|
[[|j]]
|
y
|
jʱ
|
yh
|
[[|kʰ]]
|
kh
|
[[|kʼ]]
|
k
|
[[|kxʼ]]
|
klZ, krX
|
[[|l]]
|
l
|
lʱ
|
lhX
|
[[|ɬ]]
|
hl
|
[[|ɮʱ]]
|
dl
|
[[|m]]
|
m
|
mʱ
|
mh
|
[[|n]]
|
n
|
nʱ
|
nh
|
|
Non-click
|
IPA |
Orthography
|
[[|n̠ʲ]]
|
ny
|
n̠ʲʱ
|
nyh
|
[[|ŋ]]
|
ng'
|
ŋʱ
|
ngh*
|
[[|pʰ]]
|
ph
|
[[|pʼ]]
|
p
|
r
|
r*
|
rʱ
|
r*
|
[[|s]]
|
s
|
[[|ʃ]]
|
sh
|
[[|tʰ]]
|
th
|
t̠ʲ
|
tyX
|
t̠ʲʰ
|
tyhX
|
[[|tʼ]]
|
t
|
[[|tsʼ]]
|
tsX
|
[[|tsʰ]]
|
tshX or thsX
|
[[|tʃʼ]]
|
tsh
|
[[|tʃʰ]]
|
tshX or thshX
|
[[|vʱ]]
|
v
|
[[|w]]
|
w
|
wʱ
|
wh
|
x
|
rhX
|
ɣʱ
|
grX
|
[[|zʱ]]
|
z
|
ʒʱ
|
zh*
|
|
Click
|
IPA |
Orthography
|
[[|ǀ]]
|
c
|
[[|ǁ]]
|
x
|
[[|ǃ]]
|
q
|
ǀʰ
|
ch
|
ǁʰ
|
xh
|
ǃʰ
|
qh
|
[[|ǀʱ]]
|
gc
|
[[|ǁʱ]]
|
gx
|
[[|ǃʱ]]
|
gq
|
[[|ǀ̃]]
|
nc
|
[[|ǁ̃]]
|
nx
|
[[|ǃ̃]]
|
nq
|
ǀʱ̃
|
ngc
|
ǁʱ̃
|
ngx
|
ǃʱ̃
|
ngq
|
ǀ̃ˀ
|
nkcX
|
ǁ̃ˀ
|
nkxX
|
ǃ̃ˀ
|
nkqX
|
|
Vowel
|
IPA |
Orthography
|
a
|
a
|
ɛ
|
e
|
e
|
e
|
i
|
i
|
ɔ
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
u
|
u
|
ː
|
|
|
Tone mark
|
Tone Bar
|
Tones
|
á
|
˦
|
à
|
˨
|
âː
|
˥˩
|
ǎ̤
|
˨˦
|
à̤
|
˨
|
a̤᷈ ː
|
˨˧˨
|
|