معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے نارویجن
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Notes[ترمیم]
- ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث In many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive Sandhi process of retroflexion occurs wherein clusters of /r/ and dental consonants /rd/, /rl/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce ہم مخرجی حروف صحیح realizations: [ɖ], [ɭ], [ɳ], [ʂ], [ʈ]. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern and Western Norwegian dialects, these are [ʁd], [ʁl], [ʁn], [ʁs], [ʁt].
- ↑ /r/ varies considerably in different dialects, being alveolar in some dialects and uvular in others.
- ^ ا ب پ ت Before /r/, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed: /eː/ and /ɛ/ lower to [æː] and [æ].
- ^ ا ب پ ت Vowels spelt u, o are compressed vowels. Those spelt ö/ø, y, å, on the other hand, are protruded vowels.
References[ترمیم]
- Kristoffersen، Gjert (2000)، The Phonology of Norwegian، Oxford University Press، ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
- سانچہ:SOWL
- Skaug، Ingebjørg (2003) [First published 1996]، Norsk språklydlære med øvelser (اشاعت 3rd۔)، Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag AS، ISBN 82-456-0178-0
- Strandskogen، Åse-Berit (1979)، Norsk fonetikk for utlendinger، Oslo: Gyldendal، ISBN 82-05-10107-8
- Vanvik، Arne (1979)، Norsk fonetikk، Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo، ISBN 82-990584-0-6