معاونت:بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد/کولونی

یہ ایک صفحۂ معلومات ہے جو قوانین ویکیپیڈیا کے ذیل میں برادری کے اتفاق رائے کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔ چونکہ بذات خود یہ کسی ہدایت یا حکمت عملی کا حصہ نہیں ہے، بلکہ یہ دیگر ویکیپیڈیا ہدایات اور حکمت عملی کا ضمیمہ ہے؛ اس لیے براہ کرم حالیہ صفحہ اور متعلقہ حکمت عملی صفحہ کے درمیان تضاد کی صورت میں اصل حکمت عملی صفحہ کو ترجیح دیں اور اسی کا حوالہ دیں۔

سانچہ:Inline audio The charts below show the way in which the بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد represents کولونی لہجہ pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Colognian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Colognian.

حرف صحیحs
IPA	Colognian examples	English approximation
b	Ball, dubbel	ball
d	dann, Saddel	done
dʒ	Dschungel, wadschele	jungle
f	Faß, Waffel	fuss
ɡ	waggele	gust
h	hatt, Buhai, Bah	hut
ɧ	Schimie, Weechter, biestig	bush
j^[1]	Jack, wääje	yuck
ʒ^[1]	Geniere, nuschele	pleasure
k	Kiß, frickele, Pek	kiss
l	Lack, welle	luck
m	Mai, summe, öm	may
n	Noht, Jewenner, Sun	not
ŋ	senge, lang	long
p	Peck, Appel, Kapp	peck
ʁ	Rään, ware	guttural r
s	faste, Baß	bus
ʃ	schäl, Mösche, Bösch	bush
t	Toon, kötte, Bütt	tone
ts	Zupp, Mätze, Fuz	pizza
tʃ	tschö ^ⓘ, letsche, Matsch	chat
v	Vas, övver	vast
w	wat	will
x	Woche, Loch	Scottish loch
z	Sunn, lässe	zone
ʔ	\|it, be\|erdije, perdü\|	the "catch" in uh-oh!

Stress
IPA	Colognian examples	English approximation	Explanation
ˈ	Bahnhoffstrohße	intonation	primary stress
ˌ	Bahnhoffstrohße	intonation	secondary stress

مصوتs
IPA	Colognian examples	English approximation
aː	Plaat, Bar	bra
a	Ax, spack, Oppa	bra
eː	Elend, Feez, Kannapee	somewhat like play
e	enjonn, seze	bed
ɛː	Ääpel, Pääd, nää ^ⓘ	like bed, but long
ɛ	Eck, hätt, dä!	bed
iː	Ieß, Pief, di	eat
i	Idee, Dialäk, mi	city
ɪ	in, Friko, bei	sit
ɔː	Ooß, Pooz, booh	bore
ɔ	offe, doll, mer	on
œː	Ööschel, pöze, Blööh	somewhat like urgent
œ	Öschel, Pött
øː	Ööz, kööze, bleu
ø	Öllije, Kött, pö-a-pö
oː	Ooschel, koot	go
o	op, lovve, do	hot
ʊː	Pattevuel	took
ʊ	us, Hunk, do	took
uː	uze, Pluute, Schmu	ooze
u	Ussel, Fuz	took
yː	üüßerlech, süht	somewhat like cute
y	üvver, müje
ʏ	üch, tüntele, Späu
aɪ	ei, Eiter, Weihnaach, zwei	I, idle, byte, tie
aʊː	Auto, Strauß, mau	out, tower, how
aʊ	Auflach, Zauß, Schabau	out, tower, how
eɪ	ei, eins, Zeidung, sei	alien, mania, bay
iɐ̯	Liehr	similar to dear
oʊ	Auge, Baum, hau	similar to over, stow
ɔʏ	Europpa, Schnäuzer, Heu	similar to oil, boy
øʏ	Sträuf, Späu
Vowels with Schleifton^[2]
aˑ	Ahle, Bahn	bra
eˑ	Beet	somewhat like play
ɛˑ	äänz, Nähl	bed
iˑ	ieser, Dier, auwieh!	eat
ɔˑ	Ohß, Pohl, jo	bore
œˑ	Öl, Pöhl	somewhat like urgent
øˑ	ömjonn, Rösje, Bröh	somewhat like urgent
oˑ	Ohm, Dooch, Nivoh	go
ʊˑ	Bunn	took
uˑ	Uhr, Bud, esu	ooze
yˑ	Üül, Lüüß, perdü	somewhat like cute
aɪˑ	Eier, Weiher, Pavei	I, idle, byte, tie
aʊˑ	zaubere, Kakau	out, tower, how
eɪˑ	eine, zeije, Schnei	alien, mania, bay
ɪˑɐ̯	Zottier	similar to dear
oʊˑ	Aug, sauge, Hau	similar to over, stow
ɔʏˑ	Häuche, Häu	similar to oil, boy
øʏˑ	Äujelche, Bäum, neu ^ⓘ
Reduced vowels
ɐ	verdonn, Vatter	fun
ə	e, en, bedon, de	about

Notes[ترمیم]

^ ^ا ^ب The phone [ʒ] occurs also often as a positional allophone of [j] when a final [ʃ] or [ɧ] of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, [j] is used to transcribe these.
↑
The symbol "ˑ" marks the segment preceding it, beginning with the last preceding vowel, as bearing Schleifton. Schleifton is a tonal accent, unknown to English, having various properties:
- Stress. Unless its syllable has a primary or secondary stress mark, Schleifton always carries a 3rd level stress.
- Length. Usually, the length of a single vowel with Schleifton is between 'long' and 'short'. An English example would be between "poll" and "Paul" in length.
- Suprasegmentality. Although basically put on vowels and diphthongs, Schleifton may extend into, or occasionally move onto sonorants following them.
- Tonal shape or contour. There are broad variations, following a somewhat complicated scheme of positional, segmental, suprasegmental, stress, and syntactic dependencies. As a rule of thumb the contour always ends at a different pitch than it begins with, it always has at least a rise+fall or fall+rise pattern, sometimes both, and it always incorporates changes of volume with a quick attack at the beginning, followed by a release which may result in a brief phase of silence, and a return to normal volume at the end.
There are three circumstances in which Schleifton accents occur:
1. Syntax. In rare occasions, a Schleifton may appear in a sentence or phrase as a result of the rules governing stress patterns or melodies of speech.
2. قواعدِ زبان. Some Schleiftons are grammatical. Their presence or absence within some words distinguishes واحد اور جمعs from Singulars, or comparisons in the same way, Umlauts or endings may do with other words.
3. Lexeme. Other Schleifton occurrences distinguish otherwise unrelated words from each other.

Bibliography[ترمیم]

Fritz Hoenig: Wörterbuch der Kölner Mundart. 2nd edition, 1905. Köln.
Georg Heike: Zur Phonologie der Stadtkölner Mundart. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung der akustischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale. In:Deutsche Dialektgeographie, volume57, Elwert-Verlag, Marburg 1964
Claudia Froitzheim: Artikulationsnormen der Umgangssprache in Köln. In:Continuum, Schriftenreihe zur Linguistik, volume2. Narr, Tübingen, 1984, آئی ایس بی این 3-87808-332-7 (Also Dissertation at the کولون یونیورسٹی, 1983).
Adam Wrede: Neuer Kölnischer Sprachschatz. 12thedition, 1999. 3volumes, 1168pages. Greven Verlag, Köln. آئی ایس بی این 3-7743-0243-X
Christa Bhatt, Alice Herrwegen: Das Kölsche Wörterbuch. 2ndedition, 2005. J. P. Bachem-Verlag, Köln. آئی ایس بی این 3-7616-1942-1

For another simpler صوتیہ writing system of West Middle German and Meuse-Rhenish including Colognian, see:

Peter Honnen (presented following the previous works of Fritz Langensiepen): Rheinische Dokumenta: Lautschrift für Rheinische Mundarten, Mundartdokumentation im Rheinland. Rheinland-Verlag, Köln, 2ndedition, 1987, آئی ایس بی این 3-7927-0947-3

[jejotallophones-1] ا ^ب The phone [ʒ] occurs also often as a positional allophone of [j] when a final [ʃ] or [ɧ] of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, [j] is used to transcribe these.

[2] The symbol "ˑ" marks the segment preceding it, beginning with the last preceding vowel, as bearing Schleifton. Schleifton is a tonal accent, unknown to English, having various properties:
Stress. Unless its syllable has a primary or secondary stress mark, Schleifton always carries a 3rd level stress.

Length. Usually, the length of a single vowel with Schleifton is between 'long' and 'short'. An English example would be between "poll" and "Paul" in length.

Suprasegmentality. Although basically put on vowels and diphthongs, Schleifton may extend into, or occasionally move onto sonorants following them.

Tonal shape or contour. There are broad variations, following a somewhat complicated scheme of positional, segmental, suprasegmental, stress, and syntactic dependencies. As a rule of thumb the contour always ends at a different pitch than it begins with, it always has at least a rise+fall or fall+rise pattern, sometimes both, and it always incorporates changes of volume with a quick attack at the beginning, followed by a release which may result in a brief phase of silence, and a return to normal volume at the end.
There are three circumstances in which Schleifton accents occur:
Syntax. In rare occasions, a Schleifton may appear in a sentence or phrase as a result of the rules governing stress patterns or melodies of speech.

قواعدِ زبان. Some Schleiftons are grammatical. Their presence or absence within some words distinguishes واحد اور جمعs from Singulars, or comparisons in the same way, Umlauts or endings may do with other words.

Lexeme. Other Schleifton occurrences distinguish otherwise unrelated words from each other.

[3] Stress. Unless its syllable has a primary or secondary stress mark, Schleifton always carries a 3rd level stress.

[4] Length. Usually, the length of a single vowel with Schleifton is between 'long' and 'short'. An English example would be between "poll" and "Paul" in length.

[5] Suprasegmentality. Although basically put on vowels and diphthongs, Schleifton may extend into, or occasionally move onto sonorants following them.

[6] Tonal shape or contour. There are broad variations, following a somewhat complicated scheme of positional, segmental, suprasegmental, stress, and syntactic dependencies. As a rule of thumb the contour always ends at a different pitch than it begins with, it always has at least a rise+fall or fall+rise pattern, sometimes both, and it always incorporates changes of volume with a quick attack at the beginning, followed by a release which may result in a brief phase of silence, and a return to normal volume at the end.

[7] Syntax. In rare occasions, a Schleifton may appear in a sentence or phrase as a result of the rules governing stress patterns or melodies of speech.

[8] قواعدِ زبان. Some Schleiftons are grammatical. Their presence or absence within some words distinguishes واحد اور جمعs from Singulars, or comparisons in the same way, Umlauts or endings may do with other words.

[9] Lexeme. Other Schleifton occurrences distinguish otherwise unrelated words from each other.

[10] Syntax. In rare occasions, a Schleifton may appear in a sentence or phrase as a result of the rules governing stress patterns or melodies of speech.

[11] قواعدِ زبان. Some Schleiftons are grammatical. Their presence or absence within some words distinguishes واحد اور جمعs from Singulars, or comparisons in the same way, Umlauts or endings may do with other words.

[12] Lexeme. Other Schleifton occurrences distinguish otherwise unrelated words from each other.

[1]

[2]

معاونت:بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد/کولونی

Notes[ترمیم]

Bibliography[ترمیم]

فہرست رہنمائی

تلاش