معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ/کولونی
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
 |
یہ ایک صفحۂ معلومات ہے جو قوانین ویکیپیڈیا کے ذیل میں برادری کے اتفاق رائے کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔ چونکہ بذات خود یہ کسی ہدایت یا حکمت عملی کا حصہ نہیں ہے، بلکہ یہ دیگر ویکیپیڈیا ہدایات اور حکمت عملی کا ضمیمہ ہے؛ اس لیے براہ کرم حالیہ صفحہ اور متعلقہ حکمت عملی صفحہ کے درمیان تضاد کی صورت میں اصل حکمت عملی صفحہ کو ترجیح دیں اور اسی کا حوالہ دیں۔ |
سانچہ:Inline audio The charts below show the way in which the بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ represents کولونی لہجہ pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Colognian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Colognian.
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes[ترمیم]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 The phone [ʒ] occurs also often as a positional allophone of [j] when a final [ʃ] or [ɧ] of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, [j] is used to transcribe these.
- ↑ The symbol "ˑ" marks the segment preceding it, beginning with the last preceding vowel, as bearing Schleifton. Schleifton is a tonal accent, unknown to English, having various properties:
- Stress. Unless its syllable has a primary or secondary stress mark, Schleifton always carries a 3rd level stress.
- Length. Usually, the length of a single vowel with Schleifton is between 'long' and 'short'. An English example would be between "poll" and "Paul" in length.
- Suprasegmentality. Although basically put on vowels and diphthongs, Schleifton may extend into, or occasionally move onto sonorants following them.
- Tonal shape or contour. There are broad variations, following a somewhat complicated scheme of positional, segmental, suprasegmental, stress, and syntactic dependencies. As a rule of thumb the contour always ends at a different pitch than it begins with, it always has at least a rise+fall or fall+rise pattern, sometimes both, and it always incorporates changes of volume with a quick attack at the beginning, followed by a release which may result in a brief phase of silence, and a return to normal volume at the end.
- Syntax. In rare occasions, a Schleifton may appear in a sentence or phrase as a result of the rules governing stress patterns or melodies of speech.
- قواعدِ زبان. Some Schleiftons are grammatical. Their presence or absence within some words distinguishes واحد اور جمعs from Singulars, or comparisons in the same way, Umlauts or endings may do with other words.
- Lexeme. Other Schleifton occurrences distinguish otherwise unrelated words from each other.
Bibliography[ترمیم]
- Fritz Hoenig: Wörterbuch der Kölner Mundart. 2nd edition, 1905. Köln.
- Georg Heike: Zur Phonologie der Stadtkölner Mundart. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung der akustischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale. In:Deutsche Dialektgeographie, volume57, Elwert-Verlag, Marburg 1964
- Claudia Froitzheim: Artikulationsnormen der Umgangssprache in Köln. In:Continuum, Schriftenreihe zur Linguistik, volume2. Narr, Tübingen, 1984, ISBN 3-87808-332-7 (Also Dissertation at the کولون یونیورسٹی, 1983).
- Adam Wrede: Neuer Kölnischer Sprachschatz. 12thedition, 1999. 3volumes, 1168pages. Greven Verlag, Köln. ISBN 3-7743-0243-X
- Christa Bhatt, Alice Herrwegen: Das Kölsche Wörterbuch. 2ndedition, 2005. J. P. Bachem-Verlag, Köln. ISBN 3-7616-1942-1
For another simpler صوتیہ writing system of West Middle German and Meuse-Rhenish including Colognian, see:
- Peter Honnen (presented following the previous works of Fritz Langensiepen): Rheinische Dokumenta: Lautschrift für Rheinische Mundarten, Mundartdokumentation im Rheinland. Rheinland-Verlag, Köln, 2ndedition, 1987, ISBN 3-7927-0947-3
